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oh it's a privilege

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please call me tom

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tom thank you i call you vic and the

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privilege is mine it's so amazing to

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meet you even virtually

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it's great to meet you

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congratulations on your extraordinary

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career thus far it's really what you've

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accomplished i have great admiration for

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well thank you and you know i uh the

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movie top gun obviously had a huge

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impact on me and as much as i want to

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throw top gun quotes at you i won't i'm

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sure you get a lot of that so thank you

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because you had a part in that

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boy that's it's an honor for me and i

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can't wait for you to see the next one

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top gun maverick

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i can't wait oh i can't wait

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i'm ready to show it to you i can't wait

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man

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awesome so listen i have a few questions

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for you if you don't mind

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yes sir let's do it tom because

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obviously you've flown

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i guess 40 aircraft over as a test pilot

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many different aircrafts the f-18 it's a

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naval aviator test pilot

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now flying the dragon spacex dragon how

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does that compare to that and what do

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you think for yourself what was the most

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exhilarating aspect

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awesome you know the the dragon is uh a

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touchscreen the displays are also where

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the controls are and so that's quite

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different than flying an aircraft with a

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stick and a throttle and so when i first

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saw it i will be honest with you i was

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like i don't know guys i need my

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inceptors i need something to move

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around

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but as i learned more about what the

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vehicle does and what it what its

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purpose was the touchscreen actually was

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wonderful it worked great and uh the

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most exhilarating part of it all was

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riding the the falcon 9 rocket it is

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such a high performing liquid rocket

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it's smooth but it really left off the

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pad and we got to the 100 kilometer

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point and we were all smiles it was just

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so amazing you can really feel the

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accelerations and decelerations and then

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once we got onto the upper stage the

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second stage and you just start building

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speed it was

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i've pulled g's before in fighter

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aircraft but to be able to pull g's for

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almost 10 minutes straight was just

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power like i've never experienced not

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even launching or landing on a carrier

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really

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i've been fortunate i've i've i've got

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some launches and i landed on carriers

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on the roosevelt

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and uh

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that kind of geez that kind of force

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coming off there is pretty incredible

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what was it like in the with the dragon

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what what would it feel like with the

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falcon 9 i mean how many g's were you

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pulling and i know you're laying down

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yes what was that so it is different

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in the fighter the g's go from your head

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to your toe and that's why we practice

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these specific uh maneuvers to to keep

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blood flow to your brain so you stay

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conscious and you don't gray out or

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black out the g in in on a rocket launch

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goes into your chest and so you are you

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naturally can can uh sustain more g's in

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that direction and and the g is actually

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lower so the maximum g we saw was about

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four and a half but what's different in

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a fighter you'll experience i pulled the

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nine g's in a fighter aircraft but that

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was only for seconds and you know i've

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sustained so three to four g's for maybe

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a minute or a minute and a half in a

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dogfight in a turning fight but on the

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falcon but except for staging and

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throttle down you are accelerating the

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entire way for about nine minutes it was

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about eight minutes and fifty or so

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seconds i mean and you're accelerating

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the entire way because you wind up 200

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kilometers above the earth going 17 000

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miles per hour it's an amazing amount of

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power and so we we actually were above

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three and a half g's for about three

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minutes

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that's what's amazing

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that's incredible

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that is absolutely incredible

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i know i've have i've been fortunate you

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know of different aircraft that i've

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flown as is those g's and feeling them

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momentarily nine and a half is what i

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pulled actually in the f-14 the first

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top gun you know from when we got nine

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and a half and we uh

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you know in the new one we were pulling

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a lot of different g's but to sustain

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that i was i was wondering because i

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always wanted to know what that rocket

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and feeling that acceleration where you

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could actually feel that acceleration

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the whole time do you felt that the

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whole time laureation on the body

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the whole time the whole time

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yes you know coming off the pad

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initially it feels like uh a very high

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speed elevator you know the first the

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first move off the pad you're not going

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very fast and you're actually not

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accelerating very fast but it just

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continues to pick up i mean the entire

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time you're moving and at about one

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minute into the flight uh you get to

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you're in the region of maximum dynamic

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pressure what you hear people say max q

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and that's where you're in the thickest

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part of the air down low but you're also

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going really fast and that could

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actually crumple the the rocket and the

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spacecraft so they actually slow down

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they throttle the rocket down and you

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feel that you feel yourself it's like

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tapping the brakes and then really what

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stands out is the throttle up then they

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go back to full power and when they do

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that it felt like lighting the

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afterburner in an f-18 i wish i would

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have been able to feel what it was like

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in an f-14 because i hear it is quite

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impressive but i never got to fly that

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aircraft but you definitely feel it the

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entire way up and then the first stage

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shuts down after about two and a half

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minutes and then we ride the second

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stage all the way into orbit and that

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one starts just at about one g and so

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again it's a very light push but then

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you push for another six minutes and

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about half of that time you're above

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three g's and so your chest is very

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heavy and you have to focus on breathing

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inhale and then the exhale kind of works

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itself out you know because of the

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pressure it is quite amazing it was a

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truly incredible experience

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i did not know you had to work on that

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that

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now being a nasa astronaut i mean you

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require you know

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constantly pushing the boundaries

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and what do you you know what is the

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most physically demanding task both kind

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of before and and

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after like during you know during the

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spaceflight

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yeah great question you know and i think

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it's interesting to think about this it

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depends on the time horizon you're

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looking at so in the moment the short

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term short duration most challenging

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part of what we do i think is training

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for and executing spacewalks it's six to

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seven hours of uh of working and doing

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this these very important things on the

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outside of the space station in the

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extreme environment of of you know the

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vacuum of space high temperatures low

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temperatures no air and so that life

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support is critical but it's also very

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physically demanding you're moving

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around a suit that can weigh with your

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body and as much as a thousand pounds

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and you very rarely use your legs it's

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like running two marathons but on your

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hands the whole time your hands and

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fingers are very sore when you're done

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with this um and so that's the most

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physically challenging thing and

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training forward on the ground you're

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still in an extreme environment in the

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neutral buoyancy lab our 2 million

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gallon you know 40 foot deep pool

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where we train for space walks and so

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it's still it's still also physically

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demanding even underwater but when you

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when i think about the duration of a

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career and maybe something that has a

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huge impact on your lifespan i think all

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the traveling and training and the

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stresses of this job if you don't have

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healthy ways to manage that stress it

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can actually affect your sleep and then

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we we also have to become comfortable

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sleeping in space which is an extreme

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environment we do lots of outdoor

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training and you have to be able to

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sleep outdoors as well so i think just

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looking at the way that these things all

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of these stresses manifest in your life

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you also have to have healthy coping

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strategies for the travel all the

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different time zones we go in and all

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the different stressors that come with

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the work

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and then obviously then getting to space

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and being able to fall asleep and get

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the the important rest uh that you need

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to to accomplish your work day that's

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one i think is a is a very physically

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demanding aspect of of training and

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living in space

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okay victor there's two two things

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one

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i i

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fortunate enough to actually

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be fitted for suit uh years ago and just

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feeling the weight on earth versus i

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guess in zero g but what people i don't

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think understand also is what i

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understand you know this is

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how hard it is opening and closing your

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hand let alone like talk to talk about

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moving the arms and moving the hands the

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stiffness of the suit

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uh because of the the pressure

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differential just moving your hands the

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dexterity of that could you could you

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and then the next thing i want to ask

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you about is sleep but could you tell us

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a little bit about that

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so yes in that spacesuit right you're in

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the vacuum of space the pressure there

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is zero absolute zero so you need

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something to keep your fluids uh in your

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blood and and to help you stay conscious

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and comfortable it keeps your

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temperature uh in a comfortable range as

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well and so the suit is pressurized to

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four 4.2 pressure uh

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pounds per square inch 4.2 psi and so

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the entire suit is at 4.2 psi and it

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wants to sit about like this and so

259
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anytime you move you're moving against

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four pounds per square inch and so we

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have certain bearings if you rotate your

262
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arm like this you're rotating a bearing

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so that's

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roughly you just have to overcome a

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little friction but if you move like

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this you're pushing against the the suit

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the stiff fabric the many layers that

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can maintain that pressure in the vacuum

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of space and so when you close your hand

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a great example

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sometimes you'll hear people say it's

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like squeezing a tennis ball but but

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squeezing a tennis ball if you squeeze

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it it's work to squeeze it but then to

275
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let it go it you know opening it

276
00:09:38,870 --> 00:09:36,399
it pushes against you uh and helps you

277
00:09:40,949 --> 00:09:38,880
out what i like to say is moving around

278
00:09:43,590 --> 00:09:40,959
in the suit is like putting your hand in

279
00:09:45,829 --> 00:09:43,600
rice if you open your hand very wide

280
00:09:47,829 --> 00:09:45,839
you're pushing against that rice if you

281
00:09:49,030 --> 00:09:47,839
close your hand you're closing it

282
00:09:50,790 --> 00:09:49,040
against that rice and there are some

283
00:09:52,470 --> 00:09:50,800
athletes that use buckets of rice to

284
00:09:54,150 --> 00:09:52,480
train their grip strength and i think

285
00:09:55,829 --> 00:09:54,160
that's a little bit more of an accurate

286
00:09:57,110 --> 00:09:55,839
comparison

287
00:09:59,269 --> 00:09:57,120
did you do

288
00:10:01,509 --> 00:09:59,279
things like that to increase your grip

289
00:10:02,790 --> 00:10:01,519
strength because even dropping your arms

290
00:10:05,110 --> 00:10:02,800
you talk about pushing it up but

291
00:10:06,949 --> 00:10:05,120
dropping your arms and moving in in that

292
00:10:08,389 --> 00:10:06,959
way i mean what did you do anything

293
00:10:11,110 --> 00:10:08,399
physically to

294
00:10:13,750 --> 00:10:11,120
increase your strength with that

295
00:10:15,110 --> 00:10:13,760
absolutely we we have a great team of we

296
00:10:16,630 --> 00:10:15,120
call them astronaut strength

297
00:10:19,509 --> 00:10:16,640
conditioning and rehabilitation

298
00:10:22,310 --> 00:10:19,519
specialist acers for short and our acers

299
00:10:24,310 --> 00:10:22,320
craft very specific workouts to help us

300
00:10:26,470 --> 00:10:24,320
like i said training for spacewalks is

301
00:10:28,389 --> 00:10:26,480
also physically rigorous and so they

302
00:10:30,389 --> 00:10:28,399
actually develop those workouts to help

303
00:10:32,710 --> 00:10:30,399
us be safe in the neutral buoyancy lab

304
00:10:34,870 --> 00:10:32,720
where we train and obviously to to also

305
00:10:37,590 --> 00:10:34,880
help benefit while we're in space and we

306
00:10:39,590 --> 00:10:37,600
do very specific exercises for our grip

307
00:10:41,509 --> 00:10:39,600
as well as for our shoulders those are

308
00:10:43,590 --> 00:10:41,519
two of the areas that that you really

309
00:10:46,470 --> 00:10:43,600
tax when you're doing spacewalk training

310
00:10:47,750 --> 00:10:46,480
or an actual walk-in space and so and

311
00:10:49,509 --> 00:10:47,760
the other thing is they give us

312
00:10:52,069 --> 00:10:49,519
suggestions on how to work out for

313
00:10:54,150 --> 00:10:52,079
example when i do my shoulder exercises

314
00:10:56,550 --> 00:10:54,160
i originally started using dumbbells and

315
00:10:59,110 --> 00:10:56,560
i would hold the handle and and do my

316
00:11:01,030 --> 00:10:59,120
shoulder exercising rotating and you

317
00:11:03,110 --> 00:11:01,040
know doing things to exercise my rotator

318
00:11:05,509 --> 00:11:03,120
cuff and all those small muscles around

319
00:11:07,829 --> 00:11:05,519
your shoulders uh what i started doing

320
00:11:10,949 --> 00:11:07,839
because of the suggestion of my strength

321
00:11:12,870 --> 00:11:10,959
trainer specialist was to use plates the

322
00:11:15,430 --> 00:11:12,880
same weight but in a plate and i would

323
00:11:17,829 --> 00:11:15,440
pinch them so that during my exercise i

324
00:11:19,670 --> 00:11:17,839
was also increasing the challenge on my

325
00:11:21,750 --> 00:11:19,680
grip and therefore getting a better grip

326
00:11:23,750 --> 00:11:21,760
workout while i was exercising my

327
00:11:25,590 --> 00:11:23,760
shoulders things like that are the kinds

328
00:11:27,269 --> 00:11:25,600
of things that our astronaut strength

329
00:11:29,350 --> 00:11:27,279
conditioning rehabilitation specialists

330
00:11:31,829 --> 00:11:29,360
help us with

331
00:11:33,990 --> 00:11:31,839
did you feel that's incredible did you

332
00:11:35,829 --> 00:11:34,000
feel the longer you're up there because

333
00:11:37,910 --> 00:11:35,839
i want to just just a little question on

334
00:11:39,030 --> 00:11:37,920
this also is that you're there for so

335
00:11:40,550 --> 00:11:39,040
long and

336
00:11:43,030 --> 00:11:40,560
the time when you got there when you did

337
00:11:45,910 --> 00:11:43,040
the space walk was there

338
00:11:49,030 --> 00:11:45,920
do you is there what level of

339
00:11:51,910 --> 00:11:49,040
depreciation of bone and muscle

340
00:11:53,750 --> 00:11:51,920
uh density is there and did you feel a

341
00:11:55,430 --> 00:11:53,760
difference like is there

342
00:11:57,670 --> 00:11:55,440
what happens to your metabolism with the

343
00:11:59,269 --> 00:11:57,680
krebs cycle with the mitochondria did

344
00:12:00,550 --> 00:11:59,279
that affect the space walk could you

345
00:12:02,389 --> 00:12:00,560
tell the difference in terms of your

346
00:12:04,069 --> 00:12:02,399
strength on the ground that you built up

347
00:12:07,509 --> 00:12:04,079
is there a diminishing

348
00:12:09,269 --> 00:12:07,519
longer that you're in space is my

349
00:12:11,670 --> 00:12:09,279
question ultimately and how did that

350
00:12:14,230 --> 00:12:11,680
affect your metabolism your bmr you know

351
00:12:16,629 --> 00:12:14,240
with with calories and nutrition

352
00:12:18,230 --> 00:12:16,639
did you have to think about it oh wow

353
00:12:20,069 --> 00:12:18,240
yeah there's a lot packed in there and

354
00:12:21,670 --> 00:12:20,079
so i'll you know that uh that is

355
00:12:23,670 --> 00:12:21,680
definitely something we work hard to

356
00:12:24,470 --> 00:12:23,680
mitigate you're going to lose bone and

357
00:12:29,590 --> 00:12:24,480
muscle

358
00:12:31,110 --> 00:12:29,600
atrophy from just you don't i weigh 200

359
00:12:33,190 --> 00:12:31,120
pounds and i'm not carrying that 200

360
00:12:34,710 --> 00:12:33,200
pounds it's like taking off a 200 pound

361
00:12:37,590 --> 00:12:34,720
backpack when i get to weightlessness

362
00:12:39,750 --> 00:12:37,600
and so i'm losing that uh that that

363
00:12:41,990 --> 00:12:39,760
effort every day and so i have to make

364
00:12:43,829 --> 00:12:42,000
it up in my workout uh and also your

365
00:12:45,430 --> 00:12:43,839
bone density we have this condition

366
00:12:48,389 --> 00:12:45,440
called osteopenia it's like

367
00:12:50,470 --> 00:12:48,399
space-induced osteoporosis uh the the

368
00:12:52,470 --> 00:12:50,480
the enzymes that encourage bone growth

369
00:12:54,710 --> 00:12:52,480
you know our bones are constantly being

370
00:12:56,550 --> 00:12:54,720
uh reclaimed or eaten and then

371
00:12:59,030 --> 00:12:56,560
re-constituted

372
00:13:01,670 --> 00:12:59,040
and in space for some reason the process

373
00:13:04,150 --> 00:13:01,680
that eats the bone or takes away bones

374
00:13:06,790 --> 00:13:04,160
continues but the part that reforms new

375
00:13:08,870 --> 00:13:06,800
bone slows down and so we try to

376
00:13:10,629 --> 00:13:08,880
mitigate that with our strength training

377
00:13:12,870 --> 00:13:10,639
and also with uh

378
00:13:15,910 --> 00:13:12,880
medication and so

379
00:13:18,069 --> 00:13:15,920
the the effects there uh can be it can

380
00:13:19,990 --> 00:13:18,079
have a huge effect on you but

381
00:13:22,230 --> 00:13:20,000
the workouts that we do are one of the

382
00:13:23,829 --> 00:13:22,240
biggest mitigators and so i actually

383
00:13:25,670 --> 00:13:23,839
started working out before the long

384
00:13:28,310 --> 00:13:25,680
before the mission and then when i got

385
00:13:30,629 --> 00:13:28,320
into space i continue to work out we get

386
00:13:32,470 --> 00:13:30,639
two and a half hours every day to do

387
00:13:34,389 --> 00:13:32,480
exercise strength training uh

388
00:13:35,829 --> 00:13:34,399
cardiovascular training and then also

389
00:13:38,949 --> 00:13:35,839
time to clean up and get ready for the

390
00:13:40,949 --> 00:13:38,959
work day and that was extremely valuable

391
00:13:42,550 --> 00:13:40,959
now when i first got to space my body is

392
00:13:44,470 --> 00:13:42,560
going through so many changes i lost

393
00:13:46,949 --> 00:13:44,480
about two kilograms and i was only

394
00:13:49,509 --> 00:13:46,959
eating about 2200 calories it took me

395
00:13:52,069 --> 00:13:49,519
about 45 days to get used to the the

396
00:13:53,990 --> 00:13:52,079
environment to to to come up with some

397
00:13:55,590 --> 00:13:54,000
you know strategies for me to eat like i

398
00:13:57,670 --> 00:13:55,600
did on the ground like keeping snacks in

399
00:13:59,670 --> 00:13:57,680
my pocket at all time and when i started

400
00:14:02,389 --> 00:13:59,680
snacking and eating in space more like i

401
00:14:05,110 --> 00:14:02,399
did on the ground i got up to 3 300 or

402
00:14:06,870 --> 00:14:05,120
so calories 3 200 calories a day and i

403
00:14:09,590 --> 00:14:06,880
was also working out very hard so

404
00:14:11,910 --> 00:14:09,600
overall in space i actually felt

405
00:14:13,990 --> 00:14:11,920
stronger than i did on the ground i was

406
00:14:16,230 --> 00:14:14,000
able to work out really hard in fact i

407
00:14:17,829 --> 00:14:16,240
told myself before flight i wanted to

408
00:14:20,230 --> 00:14:17,839
make sure i didn't get hurt i didn't

409
00:14:21,910 --> 00:14:20,240
want to hurt my back or my shoulders

410
00:14:23,590 --> 00:14:21,920
because i wanted to always be ready for

411
00:14:25,670 --> 00:14:23,600
the spacewalks and all of the other work

412
00:14:27,750 --> 00:14:25,680
on the space station and so i felt like

413
00:14:29,350 --> 00:14:27,760
i could have lifted even heavier and ran

414
00:14:31,269 --> 00:14:29,360
harder on the treadmill but i just

415
00:14:32,710 --> 00:14:31,279
didn't want to hurt myself but the the

416
00:14:35,829 --> 00:14:32,720
strength training and cardio training

417
00:14:37,509 --> 00:14:35,839
are excellent in space

418
00:14:39,030 --> 00:14:37,519
incredible so that it when you were

419
00:14:40,230 --> 00:14:39,040
doing your spacewalks you didn't feel

420
00:14:42,470 --> 00:14:40,240
like you had

421
00:14:44,310 --> 00:14:42,480
lost strength

422
00:14:47,110 --> 00:14:44,320
not at all by the time we went out the

423
00:14:48,710 --> 00:14:47,120
door i felt stronger actually and over

424
00:14:51,430 --> 00:14:48,720
my mission i did lose a little bit of

425
00:14:53,030 --> 00:14:51,440
bone mass i lost about two percent of my

426
00:14:55,590 --> 00:14:53,040
bone mass and they say i'll have that

427
00:14:57,269 --> 00:14:55,600
recovered in about a year muscle mass i

428
00:14:59,430 --> 00:14:57,279
actually gained so i told you i lost two

429
00:15:00,870 --> 00:14:59,440
kilograms in the first two months at the

430
00:15:03,269 --> 00:15:00,880
end of the mission though after the

431
00:15:05,509 --> 00:15:03,279
complete six months i was four kilograms

432
00:15:07,430 --> 00:15:05,519
heavier so i gained back that two and

433
00:15:08,949 --> 00:15:07,440
then put four more on so i came back

434
00:15:09,670 --> 00:15:08,959
with more muscle mass than i launched

435
00:15:11,030 --> 00:15:09,680
with

436
00:15:13,030 --> 00:15:11,040
that's incredible

437
00:15:16,230 --> 00:15:13,040
and so you feel like did that had a had

438
00:15:19,269 --> 00:15:16,240
a reflection on your metabolism overall

439
00:15:21,110 --> 00:15:19,279
increase your metabolism so i i think

440
00:15:23,189 --> 00:15:21,120
if i i think it may have been an

441
00:15:26,389 --> 00:15:23,199
increase i took a test when i got back

442
00:15:28,230 --> 00:15:26,399
to to check our vo2 max and so the vo2

443
00:15:31,430 --> 00:15:28,240
max is is a great example of how we're

444
00:15:33,350 --> 00:15:31,440
doing metabolically uh and so i i was in

445
00:15:35,910 --> 00:15:33,360
family i was close to when i launched

446
00:15:38,150 --> 00:15:35,920
and that's what our our acers also are

447
00:15:39,829 --> 00:15:38,160
focused on helping us reacclimate to

448
00:15:41,749 --> 00:15:39,839
earth and getting us back to what we

449
00:15:44,949 --> 00:15:41,759
were like pre-flight and so my strength

450
00:15:47,189 --> 00:15:44,959
numbers my bench press squat my vo2 max

451
00:15:49,990 --> 00:15:47,199
we do that by getting on a cycle and

452
00:15:52,790 --> 00:15:50,000
going until we until we fail us pretty

453
00:15:54,870 --> 00:15:52,800
much and they measure our gases that

454
00:15:57,110 --> 00:15:54,880
we're inspiring and expiring and and

455
00:15:59,110 --> 00:15:57,120
that tells them our vo2 max and my

456
00:16:01,350 --> 00:15:59,120
number was a point or two different than

457
00:16:02,470 --> 00:16:01,360
what i was pre-flight and so i would say

458
00:16:05,030 --> 00:16:02,480
overall

459
00:16:06,949 --> 00:16:05,040
i was able to maintain my metabolism and

460
00:16:08,069 --> 00:16:06,959
that's pretty impressive considering all

461
00:16:09,910 --> 00:16:08,079
of the things that your body is

462
00:16:11,990 --> 00:16:09,920
experiencing that isn't that is

463
00:16:13,910 --> 00:16:12,000
impressive did they test your bmr after

464
00:16:15,509 --> 00:16:13,920
the flight to understand what that was

465
00:16:17,509 --> 00:16:15,519
did that change at all

466
00:16:19,670 --> 00:16:17,519
that number uh

467
00:16:21,030 --> 00:16:19,680
i don't we don't normally do that for

468
00:16:22,949 --> 00:16:21,040
for crew members i think that's

469
00:16:25,030 --> 00:16:22,959
something you can get if you want to but

470
00:16:27,189 --> 00:16:25,040
i was involved in an experiment called

471
00:16:29,030 --> 00:16:27,199
maya tones which is studying not just

472
00:16:30,949 --> 00:16:29,040
muscle mass but the quality of your

473
00:16:32,949 --> 00:16:30,959
muscle and it's really looking at this

474
00:16:34,790 --> 00:16:32,959
device to see if we can use a very

475
00:16:36,389 --> 00:16:34,800
simple external device without having to

476
00:16:39,030 --> 00:16:36,399
do like biopsies

477
00:16:40,230 --> 00:16:39,040
to determine muscle tissue quality and

478
00:16:41,990 --> 00:16:40,240
so that

479
00:16:43,910 --> 00:16:42,000
experiment actually takes 10

480
00:16:45,829 --> 00:16:43,920
measurements all around your body over

481
00:16:47,670 --> 00:16:45,839
the course of the mission and you also

482
00:16:49,670 --> 00:16:47,680
have pre-flight and post-flight numbers

483
00:16:51,829 --> 00:16:49,680
to compare it to and so i actually was

484
00:16:52,710 --> 00:16:51,839
able to get those kinds of measurements

485
00:16:54,629 --> 00:16:52,720
uh

486
00:16:55,670 --> 00:16:54,639
like i said before flight in flight and

487
00:16:56,949 --> 00:16:55,680
after

488
00:16:58,310 --> 00:16:56,959
yeah because you were there for six

489
00:16:59,509 --> 00:16:58,320
months what was the difference because

490
00:17:01,430 --> 00:16:59,519
when we talked about going to the moon

491
00:17:03,509 --> 00:17:01,440
we talked about going to mars

492
00:17:07,510 --> 00:17:03,519
was there was there a large difference

493
00:17:11,189 --> 00:17:07,520
as time went on with those numbers

494
00:17:13,110 --> 00:17:11,199
uh it actually i i i lost a little bit

495
00:17:15,429 --> 00:17:13,120
in the beginning and gained muscle over

496
00:17:17,429 --> 00:17:15,439
time and so i think my overall

497
00:17:19,669 --> 00:17:17,439
proportion stayed the same and being

498
00:17:21,429 --> 00:17:19,679
able to maintain what you start with on

499
00:17:24,870 --> 00:17:21,439
earth is is great that's a great

500
00:17:26,789 --> 00:17:24,880
standard uh and but that's very much

501
00:17:28,470 --> 00:17:26,799
because of the amazing exercise

502
00:17:30,390 --> 00:17:28,480
equipment and if you've never seen it

503
00:17:32,549 --> 00:17:30,400
the the a red it's the advanced

504
00:17:34,390 --> 00:17:32,559
resistive exercise device one of the

505
00:17:37,350 --> 00:17:34,400
most important technologies on the space

506
00:17:38,310 --> 00:17:37,360
station in my opinion it allows us to do

507
00:17:40,310 --> 00:17:38,320
uh

508
00:17:42,630 --> 00:17:40,320
all kinds of exercises bench press

509
00:17:45,110 --> 00:17:42,640
squats curls and that machine though

510
00:17:47,190 --> 00:17:45,120
takes up almost half a module

511
00:17:48,870 --> 00:17:47,200
the space for the machine plus the range

512
00:17:51,270 --> 00:17:48,880
of motion for the body that you put on

513
00:17:53,270 --> 00:17:51,280
it and so when we go to the moon we

514
00:17:54,789 --> 00:17:53,280
won't be able to do that kind of workout

515
00:17:56,150 --> 00:17:54,799
in transit and that's very important to

516
00:17:57,990 --> 00:17:56,160
understand we're going to have something

517
00:18:00,230 --> 00:17:58,000
smaller like a rower like an erg that

518
00:18:02,070 --> 00:18:00,240
you would see on earth but when we get

519
00:18:03,669 --> 00:18:02,080
to the moon or to lunar orbit we're

520
00:18:06,070 --> 00:18:03,679
going to need some type of a habitation

521
00:18:08,470 --> 00:18:06,080
module where we can get exercise because

522
00:18:11,270 --> 00:18:08,480
that that bone and muscle health

523
00:18:13,350 --> 00:18:11,280
and also it was a part of the of what i

524
00:18:14,870 --> 00:18:13,360
enjoyed most during the day so it's also

525
00:18:16,070 --> 00:18:14,880
a part of mental well-being but it's

526
00:18:17,830 --> 00:18:16,080
very important to our physical

527
00:18:19,830 --> 00:18:17,840
well-being

528
00:18:21,590 --> 00:18:19,840
right so you feel like when we go to

529
00:18:23,270 --> 00:18:21,600
mars obviously on the planet there'll be

530
00:18:24,150 --> 00:18:23,280
a whole module for it but on the way to

531
00:18:26,070 --> 00:18:24,160
mars

532
00:18:27,590 --> 00:18:26,080
is there's you'll feel like we'll need a

533
00:18:30,070 --> 00:18:27,600
separate thing i mean because you know

534
00:18:32,310 --> 00:18:30,080
when you see 2001 we're talking about do

535
00:18:34,549 --> 00:18:32,320
we do we put a you know a force of

536
00:18:36,950 --> 00:18:34,559
gravity when you talk about what the the

537
00:18:39,029 --> 00:18:36,960
difference of of gravity on mars versus

538
00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:39,039
the moon and on the way there i know

539
00:18:43,669 --> 00:18:40,080
there's been a lot of talk and

540
00:18:45,510 --> 00:18:43,679
evaluation as to what is you know 0.6 uh

541
00:18:47,350 --> 00:18:45,520
gravity on the human body you know we're

542
00:18:49,110 --> 00:18:47,360
all we don't really know until we get

543
00:18:50,950 --> 00:18:49,120
there and it's it's done for an extended

544
00:18:53,270 --> 00:18:50,960
period of time so

545
00:18:55,270 --> 00:18:53,280
you feel like will we have a separate

546
00:18:57,590 --> 00:18:55,280
module just on the way to mars that

547
00:18:59,029 --> 00:18:57,600
that's what it'll have

548
00:19:00,950 --> 00:18:59,039
i think so because with current

549
00:19:02,870 --> 00:19:00,960
propulsion technology right we need to

550
00:19:04,470 --> 00:19:02,880
get better propulsion technology because

551
00:19:06,150 --> 00:19:04,480
if we can shorten the duration of the

552
00:19:08,549 --> 00:19:06,160
trip right now it's going to be six to

553
00:19:10,630 --> 00:19:08,559
nine months if we can shorten that trip

554
00:19:12,630 --> 00:19:10,640
that means less radiation exposure and

555
00:19:14,470 --> 00:19:12,640
less time for your body to degrade in

556
00:19:16,310 --> 00:19:14,480
weightlessness but you know trying to

557
00:19:18,390 --> 00:19:16,320
create artificial gravity by spinning

558
00:19:20,549 --> 00:19:18,400
one module that creates guidance and

559
00:19:22,549 --> 00:19:20,559
navigation and control challenges due to

560
00:19:23,830 --> 00:19:22,559
gyroscopic effects so it would actually

561
00:19:25,750 --> 00:19:23,840
be a little it would be really

562
00:19:27,110 --> 00:19:25,760
complicated to do that so you're going

563
00:19:29,110 --> 00:19:27,120
to need to exercise you're going to need

564
00:19:30,630 --> 00:19:29,120
basic exercise and something i try to

565
00:19:32,310 --> 00:19:30,640
encourage our scientists and our

566
00:19:33,110 --> 00:19:32,320
exercise specialists to think to think

567
00:19:35,510 --> 00:19:33,120
about

568
00:19:37,590 --> 00:19:35,520
is you know a red is a fantastic machine

569
00:19:39,830 --> 00:19:37,600
a wonderful contraption but we also need

570
00:19:41,669 --> 00:19:39,840
to remember basic things i wrestled in

571
00:19:43,909 --> 00:19:41,679
college and in high school and so i

572
00:19:46,789 --> 00:19:43,919
think of the most amazing exercise

573
00:19:49,110 --> 00:19:46,799
device there is in history is another

574
00:19:51,110 --> 00:19:49,120
human body that's my opinion but you

575
00:19:53,190 --> 00:19:51,120
know also doing calisthenics or just

576
00:19:55,430 --> 00:19:53,200
basic isometrics where you push on a

577
00:19:57,350 --> 00:19:55,440
structure and so maybe just getting in

578
00:19:59,350 --> 00:19:57,360
the corner of a module and putting your

579
00:20:01,669 --> 00:19:59,360
hands and feet against different sides

580
00:20:03,669 --> 00:20:01,679
and pushing statically against something

581
00:20:05,669 --> 00:20:03,679
or using another crewmate and you both

582
00:20:07,669 --> 00:20:05,679
kind of do squat presses where you're

583
00:20:09,590 --> 00:20:07,679
pushing against each other those are the

584
00:20:11,909 --> 00:20:09,600
kinds of things we need to think about

585
00:20:13,510 --> 00:20:11,919
and find ways to incorporate so that we

586
00:20:16,149 --> 00:20:13,520
not only have the ability to do strength

587
00:20:17,830 --> 00:20:16,159
training but we also have a a backup in

588
00:20:19,430 --> 00:20:17,840
case a machine breaks because again on

589
00:20:21,270 --> 00:20:19,440
the way to mars you're not going to be

590
00:20:23,510 --> 00:20:21,280
able to stop off at the hardware store

591
00:20:25,510 --> 00:20:23,520
and and get parts to fix it and so we

592
00:20:27,270 --> 00:20:25,520
need to have a way to back up uh those

593
00:20:29,909 --> 00:20:27,280
exercise devices because it's such a

594
00:20:31,350 --> 00:20:29,919
vital a part of physical and mental

595
00:20:33,110 --> 00:20:31,360
well-being

596
00:20:34,789 --> 00:20:33,120
that's a very good point that is a very

597
00:20:36,149 --> 00:20:34,799
good point you know it's interesting

598
00:20:38,230 --> 00:20:36,159
because

599
00:20:40,310 --> 00:20:38,240
we know what zero g is

600
00:20:42,789 --> 00:20:40,320
you know have a great idea i think of

601
00:20:45,669 --> 00:20:42,799
what what the how the body behaves under

602
00:20:47,510 --> 00:20:45,679
zero g over extended period of time and

603
00:20:49,830 --> 00:20:47,520
of course on earth but all those

604
00:20:52,070 --> 00:20:49,840
experiments in terms of the moon and and

605
00:20:54,310 --> 00:20:52,080
on our way when we get to mars how's the

606
00:20:56,230 --> 00:20:54,320
body at point six at that you know those

607
00:20:58,149 --> 00:20:56,240
different forces of gravity how will the

608
00:21:00,070 --> 00:20:58,159
body develop are these things that that

609
00:21:01,909 --> 00:21:00,080
you guys spoke of and as you were

610
00:21:04,630 --> 00:21:01,919
preparing for this flight did you

611
00:21:07,430 --> 00:21:04,640
evaluate any of that

612
00:21:08,950 --> 00:21:07,440
uh no we didn't but uh i do know that

613
00:21:11,350 --> 00:21:08,960
people are thinking about that the

614
00:21:13,190 --> 00:21:11,360
scientific and the medical communities i

615
00:21:14,710 --> 00:21:13,200
know that at the crew that just returned

616
00:21:15,830 --> 00:21:14,720
so we just launched the crew to space

617
00:21:18,390 --> 00:21:15,840
that you were you were there for that

618
00:21:20,470 --> 00:21:18,400
launch well uh just prior to that we we

619
00:21:22,390 --> 00:21:20,480
returned crew two the crew that flew to

620
00:21:24,630 --> 00:21:22,400
space station after us in a dragon and

621
00:21:26,789 --> 00:21:24,640
when they got back they actually had an

622
00:21:28,470 --> 00:21:26,799
activity just after launch just i'm

623
00:21:30,230 --> 00:21:28,480
sorry just after landing just within

624
00:21:31,830 --> 00:21:30,240
hours after they landed we had

625
00:21:34,070 --> 00:21:31,840
activities where they had to climb up a

626
00:21:36,549 --> 00:21:34,080
contraption and move some some large

627
00:21:38,390 --> 00:21:36,559
masses that simulates being able to

628
00:21:40,149 --> 00:21:38,400
throw out the emergency equipment into

629
00:21:43,029 --> 00:21:40,159
the water if you landed in the water in

630
00:21:44,710 --> 00:21:43,039
your capsule after being deconditioned

631
00:21:47,350 --> 00:21:44,720
from being in space for an extended

632
00:21:49,430 --> 00:21:47,360
period the moon missions are apollo

633
00:21:51,510 --> 00:21:49,440
astronauts they say that the the worst

634
00:21:54,070 --> 00:21:51,520
period of deconditioning was after a 14

635
00:21:56,070 --> 00:21:54,080
to 21 day mission in space somewhere in

636
00:21:58,390 --> 00:21:56,080
that third week of being in space and

637
00:22:00,230 --> 00:21:58,400
that's uh what what our moon missions

638
00:22:02,310 --> 00:22:00,240
will be like and so coming back deep

639
00:22:04,149 --> 00:22:02,320
condition landing in the water and maybe

640
00:22:05,909 --> 00:22:04,159
landing off target we need to know that

641
00:22:07,830 --> 00:22:05,919
folks can can operate and function in

642
00:22:09,909 --> 00:22:07,840
that environment so we think about it

643
00:22:12,149 --> 00:22:09,919
but for missions to the station we're

644
00:22:13,909 --> 00:22:12,159
going to be in weightlessness for an

645
00:22:16,789 --> 00:22:13,919
extended period and then have to

646
00:22:19,830 --> 00:22:16,799
recondition to 1g and so our focus is on

647
00:22:22,789 --> 00:22:19,840
1g but i do think we need to find ways

648
00:22:24,390 --> 00:22:22,799
in that construct to to evaluate things

649
00:22:27,190 --> 00:22:24,400
like this you know coming back from the

650
00:22:28,789 --> 00:22:27,200
moon or being on mars because it's it's

651
00:22:30,070 --> 00:22:28,799
amazing i was just writing an email to

652
00:22:31,830 --> 00:22:30,080
the folks that just went up there to

653
00:22:33,830 --> 00:22:31,840
crew 3 and one of the things i

654
00:22:35,590 --> 00:22:33,840
encouraged them to do was to to learn

655
00:22:37,830 --> 00:22:35,600
the lessons that space is going to teach

656
00:22:39,990 --> 00:22:37,840
you i used the example of the apollo

657
00:22:42,149 --> 00:22:40,000
astronauts the hop they would do on the

658
00:22:43,909 --> 00:22:42,159
surface of the moon they they weren't

659
00:22:45,990 --> 00:22:43,919
taught that they innovated they figured

660
00:22:47,990 --> 00:22:46,000
it out because the environment it made

661
00:22:50,310 --> 00:22:48,000
sense in that you know

662
00:22:52,470 --> 00:22:50,320
one-sixth of earth's gravity they

663
00:22:54,390 --> 00:22:52,480
realized it was easier to hop than to

664
00:22:56,549 --> 00:22:54,400
try to ambulate to try to walk like you

665
00:22:57,990 --> 00:22:56,559
do on earth and so sometimes you just

666
00:23:01,110 --> 00:22:58,000
need to be in that environment like you

667
00:23:03,190 --> 00:23:01,120
said you need to experience 0.6 g to

668
00:23:05,110 --> 00:23:03,200
understand how your body wants to

669
00:23:07,669 --> 00:23:05,120
operate and you know the physical sense

670
00:23:09,270 --> 00:23:07,679
there's a little genius to the body and

671
00:23:10,630 --> 00:23:09,280
we need to be good at listening to what

672
00:23:12,549 --> 00:23:10,640
our bodies tell us

673
00:23:13,990 --> 00:23:12,559
that's a good point that's incredible i

674
00:23:15,590 --> 00:23:14,000
know that hop i was always thinking you

675
00:23:17,510 --> 00:23:15,600
know you don't want to fall do you know

676
00:23:19,270 --> 00:23:17,520
what i mean because damn it can't damage

677
00:23:21,669 --> 00:23:19,280
that suit at all one thing i just want

678
00:23:23,669 --> 00:23:21,679
to ask like when you did your space walk

679
00:23:26,310 --> 00:23:23,679
what happens if you have an itch on your

680
00:23:27,830 --> 00:23:26,320
nose your ear

681
00:23:29,669 --> 00:23:27,840
you're thinking like you start sweating

682
00:23:31,350 --> 00:23:29,679
you're going oh my gosh you know

683
00:23:32,789 --> 00:23:31,360
one of these i mean what's

684
00:23:34,390 --> 00:23:32,799
you can't get your arm out to just

685
00:23:35,510 --> 00:23:34,400
scratch that did you ever have it you

686
00:23:36,870 --> 00:23:35,520
know

687
00:23:38,310 --> 00:23:36,880
somewhere you're like man i can't wait

688
00:23:40,549 --> 00:23:38,320
till this is over i've gotta i'm gonna

689
00:23:42,710 --> 00:23:40,559
have a good scratch here

690
00:23:44,149 --> 00:23:42,720
well yes i think as soon as you put the

691
00:23:45,669 --> 00:23:44,159
suit on and you know you're going to

692
00:23:47,430 --> 00:23:45,679
pressurize it that's when everything

693
00:23:49,510 --> 00:23:47,440
does start to feel you start oh is that

694
00:23:52,310 --> 00:23:49,520
an itch coming uh but so we actually

695
00:23:54,789 --> 00:23:52,320
have a device inside the suit that is

696
00:23:56,470 --> 00:23:54,799
for valsalva it's just like in airplanes

697
00:23:58,630 --> 00:23:56,480
as you start to descend and you feel the

698
00:24:00,630 --> 00:23:58,640
pressure build up in your ears we have a

699
00:24:02,549 --> 00:24:00,640
small foam block that we can push our

700
00:24:04,470 --> 00:24:02,559
nostrils against so that we can force

701
00:24:06,870 --> 00:24:04,480
air and and then expand

702
00:24:09,510 --> 00:24:06,880
air into our eardrums to valsalva but

703
00:24:11,590 --> 00:24:09,520
that device is used mostly i i think i

704
00:24:14,070 --> 00:24:11,600
can speak for the entire astronaut core

705
00:24:15,990 --> 00:24:14,080
to say its number one use is to rest

706
00:24:19,510 --> 00:24:16,000
your chin on so that you can rest and

707
00:24:21,830 --> 00:24:19,520
then number two is to scratch your face

708
00:24:23,669 --> 00:24:21,840
and so there there is a way to scratch

709
00:24:27,029 --> 00:24:23,679
certain itches depending on if it's in

710
00:24:30,630 --> 00:24:27,039
this area you can scratch it

711
00:24:33,110 --> 00:24:32,070
yeah would you take the suit off quote i

712
00:24:34,630 --> 00:24:33,120
didn't mean to cut you off i beg your

713
00:24:36,390 --> 00:24:34,640
pardon yeah you're you're definitely

714
00:24:38,149 --> 00:24:36,400
looking for some relief when you take it

715
00:24:40,310 --> 00:24:38,159
off there's all kind of little itches or

716
00:24:42,789 --> 00:24:40,320
aches and pains and and so you know

717
00:24:45,110 --> 00:24:42,799
interestingly i also had

718
00:24:47,350 --> 00:24:45,120
i had a situation that i almost couldn't

719
00:24:50,950 --> 00:24:47,360
do anything about so we have this

720
00:24:53,590 --> 00:24:50,960
anti-fog on the inside we dab just a few

721
00:24:55,990 --> 00:24:53,600
drops wipe it on the entire visor and

722
00:24:57,590 --> 00:24:56,000
try to get rid of it and uh i there have

723
00:24:59,990 --> 00:24:57,600
been other instances of astronauts

724
00:25:02,390 --> 00:25:00,000
experiencing that anti-fault getting in

725
00:25:04,230 --> 00:25:02,400
their eyes and i don't believe it was

726
00:25:05,750 --> 00:25:04,240
the anaphog i applied to the suit

727
00:25:07,110 --> 00:25:05,760
there's actually an investigation going

728
00:25:08,549 --> 00:25:07,120
on to find out where it may have come

729
00:25:10,710 --> 00:25:08,559
from maybe it was sucked up into the

730
00:25:13,510 --> 00:25:10,720
life support system and then pushed back

731
00:25:16,149 --> 00:25:13,520
out later but i had three spacewalks

732
00:25:17,750 --> 00:25:16,159
where i felt so i did four total and on

733
00:25:19,350 --> 00:25:17,760
three of those spacewalks i had

734
00:25:20,789 --> 00:25:19,360
something in my eye that caused a

735
00:25:22,789 --> 00:25:20,799
burning sensation

736
00:25:24,310 --> 00:25:22,799
and one of those happened while i was

737
00:25:26,230 --> 00:25:24,320
working on a pretty important piece of

738
00:25:28,470 --> 00:25:26,240
hardware and so i actually had to just

739
00:25:30,950 --> 00:25:28,480
stop and hold still and i just kept

740
00:25:33,110 --> 00:25:30,960
blinking waiting for my eye to water and

741
00:25:35,110 --> 00:25:33,120
it did and again my body took care of

742
00:25:37,909 --> 00:25:35,120
itself and so i just kept blinking and

743
00:25:40,390 --> 00:25:37,919
the my eye watering over time it

744
00:25:42,390 --> 00:25:40,400
dissolved whatever that was but it took

745
00:25:44,230 --> 00:25:42,400
time it wasn't just a small thing that

746
00:25:45,590 --> 00:25:44,240
the liquid pushed out it had to dissolve

747
00:25:48,310 --> 00:25:45,600
something and i could feel the burning

748
00:25:50,390 --> 00:25:48,320
sensation slowly decrease and then i was

749
00:25:52,310 --> 00:25:50,400
able to see and finish my activity but

750
00:25:55,190 --> 00:25:52,320
it felt like i was standing there out on

751
00:25:57,590 --> 00:25:55,200
the mast on the very end of the space

752
00:26:00,230 --> 00:25:57,600
station i was on the solar away solar

753
00:26:01,990 --> 00:26:00,240
array uh on a space on the space station

754
00:26:03,830 --> 00:26:02,000
and i was way out there waiting for this

755
00:26:05,990 --> 00:26:03,840
burning sensation to go away a pretty

756
00:26:08,230 --> 00:26:06,000
interesting experience

757
00:26:09,990 --> 00:26:08,240
i i think that's an understatement isn't

758
00:26:13,750 --> 00:26:10,000
it

759
00:26:15,190 --> 00:26:13,760
that's intense

760
00:26:16,950 --> 00:26:15,200
that is that is it

761
00:26:17,990 --> 00:26:16,960
congratulations it wasn't glad you made

762
00:26:24,390 --> 00:26:18,000
it true

763
00:26:29,269 --> 00:26:26,310
uh but there's other things in the suit

764
00:26:31,510 --> 00:26:29,279
you know we we wear a harness that can

765
00:26:33,350 --> 00:26:31,520
uh take biometric measurements it sees

766
00:26:35,590 --> 00:26:33,360
our heart rate and they can figure out

767
00:26:38,070 --> 00:26:35,600
respiration and understand how quickly

768
00:26:40,470 --> 00:26:38,080
we're going through our oxygen and co2

769
00:26:42,710 --> 00:26:40,480
scrubbing systems and so those uh we

770
00:26:44,870 --> 00:26:42,720
have those leads stuck to our body with

771
00:26:47,590 --> 00:26:44,880
with an adhesive but underneath that

772
00:26:48,630 --> 00:26:47,600
there is a uh they they call it the um

773
00:26:51,110 --> 00:26:48,640
the uh

774
00:26:52,789 --> 00:26:51,120
electrode gel and it's this gel that we

775
00:26:55,110 --> 00:26:52,799
put on before we stick them to our chest

776
00:26:56,630 --> 00:26:55,120
and cover them with tape well that gel

777
00:26:59,029 --> 00:26:56,640
could have potentially leaked out as

778
00:27:00,789 --> 00:26:59,039
well and i've never put it in my eye to

779
00:27:02,710 --> 00:27:00,799
see what it feels like but i imagine it

780
00:27:04,549 --> 00:27:02,720
wouldn't feel very good so there are a

781
00:27:06,870 --> 00:27:04,559
few things within that sealed volume of

782
00:27:08,630 --> 00:27:06,880
the spacesuit that are culprits and i'm

783
00:27:10,390 --> 00:27:08,640
actually waiting to get the results of

784
00:27:12,549 --> 00:27:10,400
the investigation because i'd love to

785
00:27:13,909 --> 00:27:12,559
understand that more at this time i'm

786
00:27:15,990 --> 00:27:13,919
not sure what it was it definitely

787
00:27:17,590 --> 00:27:16,000
wasn't water and it wasn't my own sweat

788
00:27:19,350 --> 00:27:17,600
i've had my own sweat in my eyes plenty

789
00:27:20,630 --> 00:27:19,360
of times at the gym and it didn't feel

790
00:27:21,590 --> 00:27:20,640
like that

791
00:27:23,110 --> 00:27:21,600
wow

792
00:27:26,310 --> 00:27:23,120
incredible

793
00:27:27,990 --> 00:27:26,320
well congratulations with that

794
00:27:29,269 --> 00:27:28,000
let me ask you something you also you

795
00:27:32,149 --> 00:27:29,279
had uh

796
00:27:34,070 --> 00:27:32,159
you gave advice

797
00:27:35,830 --> 00:27:34,080
to uh

798
00:27:37,990 --> 00:27:35,840
you know to the iss and the group that

799
00:27:39,830 --> 00:27:38,000
just took off what did you get any good

800
00:27:42,070 --> 00:27:39,840
uh advice as you're a trainee that you

801
00:27:43,190 --> 00:27:42,080
applied that you that you when you're up

802
00:27:45,110 --> 00:27:43,200
there you thought you know what i'm glad

803
00:27:48,389 --> 00:27:45,120
they told me this

804
00:27:49,269 --> 00:27:48,399
oh so so often uh before flight even in

805
00:27:52,710 --> 00:27:49,279
flight

806
00:27:53,990 --> 00:27:52,720
some of the the things that really

807
00:27:56,470 --> 00:27:54,000
resonated

808
00:27:58,549 --> 00:27:56,480
before flight so in training someone

809
00:28:00,549 --> 00:27:58,559
said to me actually several people said

810
00:28:02,789 --> 00:28:00,559
it one of the primary things that we

811
00:28:04,070 --> 00:28:02,799
have to do as astronauts is to

812
00:28:07,029 --> 00:28:04,080
understand

813
00:28:09,350 --> 00:28:07,039
how the training isn't the same as the

814
00:28:11,590 --> 00:28:09,360
reality it's our job to integrate all

815
00:28:12,950 --> 00:28:11,600
the training and to to know how it's

816
00:28:15,269 --> 00:28:12,960
different than doing it in

817
00:28:17,669 --> 00:28:15,279
weightlessness and that is just so true

818
00:28:19,190 --> 00:28:17,679
you get there and everything has this

819
00:28:21,909 --> 00:28:19,200
one theme

820
00:28:24,230 --> 00:28:21,919
weightlessness and being in orbit can

821
00:28:26,950 --> 00:28:24,240
change everything the way you brush your

822
00:28:28,149 --> 00:28:26,960
teeth go to the bathroom eat drink and

823
00:28:30,789 --> 00:28:28,159
then of course

824
00:28:33,190 --> 00:28:30,799
maintenance science and spacewalks

825
00:28:35,350 --> 00:28:33,200
waking up and going to sleep and waking

826
00:28:37,029 --> 00:28:35,360
up again in weightlessness it's just

827
00:28:38,950 --> 00:28:37,039
something that you can't train for on

828
00:28:41,269 --> 00:28:38,960
earth and so you have to learn

829
00:28:42,870 --> 00:28:41,279
how to live like that and work like that

830
00:28:43,750 --> 00:28:42,880
once you get there it's on the job

831
00:28:45,590 --> 00:28:43,760
training

832
00:28:47,669 --> 00:28:45,600
another piece of advice before my first

833
00:28:50,549 --> 00:28:47,679
spacewalk was

834
00:28:52,549 --> 00:28:50,559
to keep your world small that was such a

835
00:28:54,470 --> 00:28:52,559
great thing to think about on your first

836
00:28:56,549 --> 00:28:54,480
spacewalk just going out there and

837
00:28:58,149 --> 00:28:56,559
focusing on one thing at a time because

838
00:29:00,310 --> 00:28:58,159
it's really easy to just want to look at

839
00:29:02,310 --> 00:29:00,320
the earth but that could be overwhelming

840
00:29:03,750 --> 00:29:02,320
and since i had never done it i didn't

841
00:29:06,310 --> 00:29:03,760
want to take a chance at you know

842
00:29:08,310 --> 00:29:06,320
putting myself in a situation where you

843
00:29:10,149 --> 00:29:08,320
know the anxiety or the nerves took over

844
00:29:12,070 --> 00:29:10,159
you know i i think of myself as a

845
00:29:14,310 --> 00:29:12,080
steely-eyed fighter pilot but i've never

846
00:29:15,990 --> 00:29:14,320
been 260 miles above the surface of the

847
00:29:17,750 --> 00:29:16,000
earth and been able to look down and see

848
00:29:20,070 --> 00:29:17,760
nothing under my feet so so i didn't

849
00:29:22,070 --> 00:29:20,080
want to take any chances and i slowly

850
00:29:24,950 --> 00:29:22,080
opened up that view and then was able to

851
00:29:26,950 --> 00:29:24,960
take in the earth in all its glory and

852
00:29:29,350 --> 00:29:26,960
it was amazing but i took my time

853
00:29:31,590 --> 00:29:29,360
getting there by starting small

854
00:29:33,990 --> 00:29:31,600
and then i would say my favorite piece

855
00:29:36,549 --> 00:29:34,000
of advice was something someone wrote on

856
00:29:39,269 --> 00:29:36,559
the space station we have a a sheet of

857
00:29:41,430 --> 00:29:39,279
paper taped to our exercise device that

858
00:29:43,430 --> 00:29:41,440
a red i was telling you about and it

859
00:29:45,190 --> 00:29:43,440
actually has an acronym please written

860
00:29:46,149 --> 00:29:45,200
down the side which tells you what to do

861
00:29:47,510 --> 00:29:46,159
to

862
00:29:48,710 --> 00:29:47,520
turn off the machine when you're done

863
00:29:50,950 --> 00:29:48,720
exercising

864
00:29:53,190 --> 00:29:50,960
but someone wrote a small message at the

865
00:29:54,710 --> 00:29:53,200
very bottom of it it says

866
00:29:56,389 --> 00:29:54,720
nothing is more important than what

867
00:29:58,070 --> 00:29:56,399
you're doing right now

868
00:30:00,630 --> 00:29:58,080
i took a picture of that and i sent it

869
00:30:02,710 --> 00:30:00,640
to my family and i sent it to my friends

870
00:30:04,070 --> 00:30:02,720
and i also suggested the crew that just

871
00:30:05,590 --> 00:30:04,080
got up there i didn't tell him what it

872
00:30:07,830 --> 00:30:05,600
was i just told him go look at the

873
00:30:09,990 --> 00:30:07,840
machine and the piece of paper i

874
00:30:11,990 --> 00:30:10,000
meditated on that daily every time i

875
00:30:13,990 --> 00:30:12,000
passed by it i read it and and even

876
00:30:15,830 --> 00:30:14,000
sometimes hourly i would tell myself

877
00:30:17,590 --> 00:30:15,840
that because it's really easy to focus

878
00:30:19,830 --> 00:30:17,600
on a space walk but you know what when i

879
00:30:21,830 --> 00:30:19,840
was repairing the toilet i thought this

880
00:30:23,990 --> 00:30:21,840
i it was just as important as going out

881
00:30:25,190 --> 00:30:24,000
into the vacuum of space nothing is more

882
00:30:27,190 --> 00:30:25,200
important than what you're doing right

883
00:30:29,750 --> 00:30:27,200
now because everything that we did in

884
00:30:30,870 --> 00:30:29,760
space was so vital

885
00:30:33,669 --> 00:30:30,880
i think that's

886
00:30:35,190 --> 00:30:33,679
that's words of wisdom for life down

887
00:30:36,630 --> 00:30:35,200
here on earth too it's it's an

888
00:30:39,029 --> 00:30:36,640
incredible thing

889
00:30:40,789 --> 00:30:39,039
you know when you talk about uh space

890
00:30:43,029 --> 00:30:40,799
when you were talking about your purview

891
00:30:44,630 --> 00:30:43,039
or your view getting expanding my

892
00:30:46,549 --> 00:30:44,640
question is have you

893
00:30:48,630 --> 00:30:46,559
have you skydived before have you gone

894
00:30:51,830 --> 00:30:48,640
through skydiving and scuba diving did

895
00:30:53,909 --> 00:30:51,840
you do a lot of that prior to this

896
00:30:56,389 --> 00:30:53,919
you know i've never been skydiving and i

897
00:30:58,870 --> 00:30:56,399
would love to i would love to do that uh

898
00:31:00,789 --> 00:30:58,880
and i hope uh nasa can integrate that

899
00:31:02,549 --> 00:31:00,799
into our training our cosmonaut

900
00:31:05,269 --> 00:31:02,559
colleagues do that as a part of their

901
00:31:07,190 --> 00:31:05,279
training and so uh maybe i need to go

902
00:31:09,110 --> 00:31:07,200
evaluate the cosmonaut training program

903
00:31:11,269 --> 00:31:09,120
so that i can do some skydiving but i

904
00:31:12,950 --> 00:31:11,279
did learn to scuba dive i actually

905
00:31:15,990 --> 00:31:12,960
learned to do it in guam while i was on

906
00:31:17,590 --> 00:31:16,000
a navy deployment there and uh before i

907
00:31:19,909 --> 00:31:17,600
became an astronaut and then as a part

908
00:31:22,230 --> 00:31:19,919
of this job when we train in the neutral

909
00:31:24,070 --> 00:31:22,240
buoyancy lab with the full pressure suit

910
00:31:26,310 --> 00:31:24,080
on that's considered full pressure suit

911
00:31:28,310 --> 00:31:26,320
diving but sometimes we'll do a practice

912
00:31:30,470 --> 00:31:28,320
run without all the other divers in the

913
00:31:33,110 --> 00:31:30,480
cameras by ourselves just with our buddy

914
00:31:35,269 --> 00:31:33,120
and we'll go down in scuba the the run

915
00:31:36,630 --> 00:31:35,279
before so we can see where things are

916
00:31:37,909 --> 00:31:36,640
how we're going to attack the problem

917
00:31:39,509 --> 00:31:37,919
with the tools

918
00:31:42,230 --> 00:31:39,519
and how we'll get out and back from the

919
00:31:44,710 --> 00:31:42,240
work site as a team and so we do lots of

920
00:31:47,269 --> 00:31:44,720
scuba diving in this job and that is

921
00:31:50,149 --> 00:31:47,279
flying and diving are two of the parts

922
00:31:50,950 --> 00:31:50,159
of this job that i love the most

923
00:31:52,389 --> 00:31:50,960
well

924
00:31:54,070 --> 00:31:52,399
it's a great job i've got to take you

925
00:31:55,029 --> 00:31:54,080
skydiving i'll take you skydiving i'll

926
00:31:57,830 --> 00:31:55,039
teach you

927
00:31:59,350 --> 00:31:57,840
yes yes please take it out we'll do that

928
00:32:01,029 --> 00:31:59,360
we'll do that okay i'll call you after

929
00:32:02,230 --> 00:32:01,039
all we'll i'll figure it out

930
00:32:05,110 --> 00:32:02,240
that'll be fun

931
00:32:07,909 --> 00:32:05,120
that would be really awesome

932
00:32:09,669 --> 00:32:07,919
so when you're up there was

933
00:32:11,750 --> 00:32:09,679
on the spacewalk was that the most

934
00:32:13,750 --> 00:32:11,760
astonishing view that you had was that

935
00:32:15,909 --> 00:32:13,760
the moment for you you know everyone

936
00:32:18,230 --> 00:32:15,919
talks about inside obviously the coppola

937
00:32:21,269 --> 00:32:18,240
we've seen those shots and film of that

938
00:32:23,909 --> 00:32:21,279
but outside and looking back at earth or

939
00:32:25,990 --> 00:32:23,919
you know what what other things what was

940
00:32:27,110 --> 00:32:26,000
did you see anything else or just share

941
00:32:29,750 --> 00:32:27,120
a little bit of that with us if you

942
00:32:31,350 --> 00:32:29,760
don't mind please wow absolutely you

943
00:32:34,389 --> 00:32:31,360
know because you're inside the space

944
00:32:36,070 --> 00:32:34,399
station the windows there you know it is

945
00:32:37,750 --> 00:32:36,080
a great view out of the cupola and we

946
00:32:40,549 --> 00:32:37,760
have other windows

947
00:32:43,430 --> 00:32:40,559
but when you're outside on a spacewalk

948
00:32:45,430 --> 00:32:43,440
that visor wraps around you so that you

949
00:32:48,070 --> 00:32:45,440
can you actually have peripheral view

950
00:32:50,149 --> 00:32:48,080
and so when you can see the the earth

951
00:32:52,549 --> 00:32:50,159
there's nothing besides that visor

952
00:32:55,430 --> 00:32:52,559
between you and the earth and the vacuum

953
00:32:58,470 --> 00:32:55,440
of space and so that is just the most

954
00:33:01,269 --> 00:32:58,480
unique way to see the earth from orbit

955
00:33:03,029 --> 00:33:01,279
and it is truly breathtaking that's why

956
00:33:04,549 --> 00:33:03,039
it's important to keep your world small

957
00:33:06,870 --> 00:33:04,559
if you walk out and the first thing you

958
00:33:08,710 --> 00:33:06,880
do is just stare at the earth i mean you

959
00:33:10,149 --> 00:33:08,720
may be stuck in that for several minutes

960
00:33:12,070 --> 00:33:10,159
and you've got work to do in those first

961
00:33:13,830 --> 00:33:12,080
few minutes and it's also important to

962
00:33:15,430 --> 00:33:13,840
keep your heart rate low in the first

963
00:33:16,870 --> 00:33:15,440
few minutes so i can tell you more about

964
00:33:19,269 --> 00:33:16,880
that later but

965
00:33:21,669 --> 00:33:19,279
that view is very special it is

966
00:33:24,310 --> 00:33:21,679
extremely special but i think the view

967
00:33:27,350 --> 00:33:24,320
that impacted me the most was the first

968
00:33:29,909 --> 00:33:27,360
time i saw the earth from orbit and that

969
00:33:32,230 --> 00:33:29,919
was after launch we got to orbit safely

970
00:33:34,070 --> 00:33:32,240
and now we had 27 hours before we were

971
00:33:36,470 --> 00:33:34,080
going to catch up to the space station

972
00:33:39,509 --> 00:33:36,480
and dock and so we had time to take off

973
00:33:41,909 --> 00:33:39,519
our suits and eat and go to the bathroom

974
00:33:43,830 --> 00:33:41,919
and i went to the to the the window and

975
00:33:45,430 --> 00:33:43,840
looked out and first of all the

976
00:33:46,870 --> 00:33:45,440
orientation of the earth i thought you

977
00:33:48,310 --> 00:33:46,880
know that i was just used to seeing the

978
00:33:49,830 --> 00:33:48,320
earth like you see it in this picture

979
00:33:52,389 --> 00:33:49,840
you know horizon there and the earth

980
00:33:53,990 --> 00:33:52,399
down and it was like sideways and i felt

981
00:33:55,110 --> 00:33:54,000
like i was underneath the earth and i'm

982
00:33:58,149 --> 00:33:55,120
looking out

983
00:34:00,310 --> 00:33:58,159
and i was just amazed at the view how

984
00:34:03,350 --> 00:34:00,320
much detail that i could see

985
00:34:05,669 --> 00:34:03,360
but then how much of that detail and so

986
00:34:07,509 --> 00:34:05,679
i just grabbed my ipad and i started

987
00:34:09,669 --> 00:34:07,519
recording a video

988
00:34:12,149 --> 00:34:09,679
and and it wasn't that i wanted to share

989
00:34:14,629 --> 00:34:12,159
the imagery with people i wanted to

990
00:34:16,950 --> 00:34:14,639
capture the feeling that i was just

991
00:34:19,990 --> 00:34:16,960
awestruck and i wanted to share that

992
00:34:23,510 --> 00:34:20,000
with people how how it impacted me and

993
00:34:25,750 --> 00:34:23,520
so um that really was a powerful moment

994
00:34:27,589 --> 00:34:25,760
and and you know i think the the the

995
00:34:29,750 --> 00:34:27,599
overview effect if you've heard about

996
00:34:32,389 --> 00:34:29,760
that seeing the world without borders

997
00:34:34,550 --> 00:34:32,399
without labels it just as it is seeing

998
00:34:37,190 --> 00:34:34,560
the the magnitude and the majesty but

999
00:34:39,190 --> 00:34:37,200
also the fragility of the planet has an

1000
00:34:41,190 --> 00:34:39,200
effect on on most people who get the

1001
00:34:42,470 --> 00:34:41,200
privilege of flying to space

1002
00:34:44,230 --> 00:34:42,480
but it also

1003
00:34:47,349 --> 00:34:44,240
since i've been back for a little over

1004
00:34:49,430 --> 00:34:47,359
six months now i realized that it's

1005
00:34:51,030 --> 00:34:49,440
important and it is amazing and it's a

1006
00:34:52,710 --> 00:34:51,040
privilege to see it but one of the

1007
00:34:55,829 --> 00:34:52,720
reasons that it's so powerful and it's

1008
00:34:58,390 --> 00:34:55,839
so impactful is because of what you've

1009
00:35:00,790 --> 00:34:58,400
built up over your life here on earth

1010
00:35:03,030 --> 00:35:00,800
seeing an entire ocean entire body of

1011
00:35:04,950 --> 00:35:03,040
water from space is amazing i could see

1012
00:35:07,030 --> 00:35:04,960
the entire ocean

1013
00:35:09,510 --> 00:35:07,040
but it makes you still want to stand on

1014
00:35:11,430 --> 00:35:09,520
the beach and walk in the surf and so

1015
00:35:13,430 --> 00:35:11,440
it's the fact that it connects to your

1016
00:35:15,589 --> 00:35:13,440
experience on earth

1017
00:35:16,550 --> 00:35:15,599
being in space just accelerates that and

1018
00:35:19,030 --> 00:35:16,560
makes you

1019
00:35:21,349 --> 00:35:19,040
appreciate the planet and appreciate the

1020
00:35:23,910 --> 00:35:21,359
life that it supports the fragility of

1021
00:35:26,150 --> 00:35:23,920
earth and the preciousness of human life

1022
00:35:28,630 --> 00:35:26,160
and so i it's one of my missions now to

1023
00:35:30,550 --> 00:35:28,640
try and remind people of that right here

1024
00:35:33,030 --> 00:35:30,560
on earth that we already start the

1025
00:35:35,910 --> 00:35:33,040
overview process the overview effect

1026
00:35:39,349 --> 00:35:35,920
starts right here in one g on the

1027
00:35:42,390 --> 00:35:39,359
surface of the earth with each other

1028
00:35:43,510 --> 00:35:42,400
that's spectacular that's really amazing

1029
00:35:46,470 --> 00:35:43,520
thank you

1030
00:35:48,310 --> 00:35:46,480
gave me new new images of what what that

1031
00:35:50,710 --> 00:35:48,320
experience uh must be like that's

1032
00:35:52,550 --> 00:35:50,720
amazing absolutely amazing

1033
00:35:54,390 --> 00:35:52,560
it's powerful the earth is amazing

1034
00:35:56,470 --> 00:35:54,400
that's amazing

1035
00:35:59,190 --> 00:35:56,480
it really is

1036
00:36:00,230 --> 00:35:59,200
well you know when you came back did

1037
00:36:02,230 --> 00:36:00,240
anything

1038
00:36:05,190 --> 00:36:02,240
you know in terms of

1039
00:36:08,230 --> 00:36:05,200
i know we talked about physically

1040
00:36:09,910 --> 00:36:08,240
calories and and nutrition was was the

1041
00:36:11,510 --> 00:36:09,920
food did you pick your food ahead of

1042
00:36:13,109 --> 00:36:11,520
time i mean these are like

1043
00:36:14,790 --> 00:36:13,119
did you

1044
00:36:16,230 --> 00:36:14,800
you know what physically what were you

1045
00:36:18,310 --> 00:36:16,240
going through what was it like eating

1046
00:36:20,069 --> 00:36:18,320
the food there did it change was it was

1047
00:36:22,390 --> 00:36:20,079
it different eating it

1048
00:36:24,230 --> 00:36:22,400
in 0g than it was on earth did you

1049
00:36:26,950 --> 00:36:24,240
change your calorie count did you change

1050
00:36:28,790 --> 00:36:26,960
your diet specifically for it did you

1051
00:36:31,030 --> 00:36:28,800
you know would you did you get advice

1052
00:36:32,790 --> 00:36:31,040
from nutritionists saying how it changed

1053
00:36:35,750 --> 00:36:32,800
or is it pretty much the same as on

1054
00:36:39,190 --> 00:36:35,760
earth as it is in the space station

1055
00:36:41,349 --> 00:36:39,200
yes oh a topic that i really care a lot

1056
00:36:43,430 --> 00:36:41,359
about i love to eat

1057
00:36:46,150 --> 00:36:43,440
and you know the the food on space

1058
00:36:48,069 --> 00:36:46,160
station is great we have great variety

1059
00:36:50,950 --> 00:36:48,079
and that's because we've spent years

1060
00:36:53,750 --> 00:36:50,960
improving it uh sort of going from like

1061
00:36:57,030 --> 00:36:53,760
mres like we have in the military to to

1062
00:36:59,589 --> 00:36:57,040
reducing the salt increasing variety

1063
00:37:01,270 --> 00:36:59,599
and options

1064
00:37:03,349 --> 00:37:01,280
we do pick a little bit of the food

1065
00:37:06,710 --> 00:37:03,359
there's a standard menu up there that we

1066
00:37:09,270 --> 00:37:06,720
all share and then we are able to pick

1067
00:37:11,030 --> 00:37:09,280
about 10 to 20 percent of our food and

1068
00:37:13,190 --> 00:37:11,040
they can even go depending on the

1069
00:37:14,630 --> 00:37:13,200
packaging and if it's if it will last

1070
00:37:16,710 --> 00:37:14,640
long enough because your food is up

1071
00:37:19,430 --> 00:37:16,720
there for a year or years before you get

1072
00:37:21,829 --> 00:37:19,440
there and so it has to have a safe

1073
00:37:24,870 --> 00:37:21,839
packaging and and be shelf stable for

1074
00:37:26,710 --> 00:37:24,880
long enough and so uh i i had lots of

1075
00:37:29,750 --> 00:37:26,720
advice we had nutritionists in a food

1076
00:37:31,589 --> 00:37:29,760
science lab where we can taste the foods

1077
00:37:33,510 --> 00:37:31,599
and the value in that is you know what

1078
00:37:34,870 --> 00:37:33,520
the entire menu is like but it also

1079
00:37:36,950 --> 00:37:34,880
gives you a chance to start thinking

1080
00:37:40,150 --> 00:37:36,960
about ways to combine and recombine the

1081
00:37:42,310 --> 00:37:40,160
food to add even more variety to it or

1082
00:37:44,710 --> 00:37:42,320
using one like i used a lot of tomato

1083
00:37:46,069 --> 00:37:44,720
basil soup as sauce for other things

1084
00:37:47,109 --> 00:37:46,079
putting it on the chicken breast for

1085
00:37:49,750 --> 00:37:47,119
example

1086
00:37:51,750 --> 00:37:49,760
it just added a little bit of flavor and

1087
00:37:54,069 --> 00:37:51,760
so those kinds of things are very

1088
00:37:56,470 --> 00:37:54,079
important i also got lots of advice from

1089
00:37:58,069 --> 00:37:56,480
my crewmates and in fact i don't think i

1090
00:37:59,430 --> 00:37:58,079
took that advice well enough when they

1091
00:38:01,349 --> 00:37:59,440
when they told me

1092
00:38:03,990 --> 00:38:01,359
really think about the stuff you can

1093
00:38:06,069 --> 00:38:04,000
choose i picked one or two things and i

1094
00:38:08,230 --> 00:38:06,079
was really happy that they had these dry

1095
00:38:09,910 --> 00:38:08,240
fruit strips that i really like and and

1096
00:38:12,150 --> 00:38:09,920
so i was like okay great and i've got my

1097
00:38:14,710 --> 00:38:12,160
coffee and i wish i would have spent

1098
00:38:16,550 --> 00:38:14,720
more time and like gone to the store and

1099
00:38:19,270 --> 00:38:16,560
dedicated some time to looking at

1100
00:38:20,710 --> 00:38:19,280
different things and and seeing hey i

1101
00:38:23,349 --> 00:38:20,720
could get that i could have a few of

1102
00:38:25,990 --> 00:38:23,359
these and adding even more variety just

1103
00:38:28,150 --> 00:38:26,000
maximizing variety and taste and

1104
00:38:30,150 --> 00:38:28,160
textures because of six months of eating

1105
00:38:32,790 --> 00:38:30,160
the same things it is really easy for it

1106
00:38:34,950 --> 00:38:32,800
to become boring and and routine and so

1107
00:38:37,349 --> 00:38:34,960
we constantly are finding ways to to to

1108
00:38:39,589 --> 00:38:37,359
adapt and and keep it interesting but

1109
00:38:42,150 --> 00:38:39,599
yes eating in space you adapt you know

1110
00:38:43,829 --> 00:38:42,160
utensils you don't use utensils like you

1111
00:38:46,150 --> 00:38:43,839
do on earth you don't scoop out your

1112
00:38:47,510 --> 00:38:46,160
soup honestly you cut the corner off not

1113
00:38:48,870 --> 00:38:47,520
all the way off because now you've

1114
00:38:50,150 --> 00:38:48,880
created a little piece of trash that's

1115
00:38:52,150 --> 00:38:50,160
gonna float away that you have to go

1116
00:38:53,589 --> 00:38:52,160
chase you just cut the corner open

1117
00:38:55,030 --> 00:38:53,599
enough so that you can get the soup out

1118
00:38:56,710 --> 00:38:55,040
and you just you kind of suck it out of

1119
00:38:59,589 --> 00:38:56,720
the bag we we do a lot of eating like

1120
00:39:01,430 --> 00:38:59,599
kids do like like toddlers drink and and

1121
00:39:03,270 --> 00:39:01,440
and they eat their food out of pouches

1122
00:39:05,750 --> 00:39:03,280
we we do that often and so you don't

1123
00:39:06,710 --> 00:39:05,760
need utensils as much as as you do on

1124
00:39:08,550 --> 00:39:06,720
earth

1125
00:39:09,990 --> 00:39:08,560
drinking water you know you need to be

1126
00:39:11,829 --> 00:39:10,000
careful because

1127
00:39:12,790 --> 00:39:11,839
the water floats or all of your drinks

1128
00:39:14,870 --> 00:39:12,800
float

1129
00:39:17,589 --> 00:39:14,880
and so you have to really be intentional

1130
00:39:20,230 --> 00:39:17,599
i when i first got there i was trying to

1131
00:39:21,750 --> 00:39:20,240
have a a drink and i was talking to one

1132
00:39:23,910 --> 00:39:21,760
of my crewmates and i briefly choked and

1133
00:39:25,589 --> 00:39:23,920
i was like okay no more talking and

1134
00:39:26,870 --> 00:39:25,599
drinking i'm just going to focus on one

1135
00:39:29,109 --> 00:39:26,880
at a time

1136
00:39:31,109 --> 00:39:29,119
because uh this is a new challenge and

1137
00:39:32,470 --> 00:39:31,119
so it definitely changes the mode in

1138
00:39:34,310 --> 00:39:32,480
which you do those things and and

1139
00:39:36,230 --> 00:39:34,320
there's just things that you have to

1140
00:39:38,150 --> 00:39:36,240
learn in space and you have to learn the

1141
00:39:39,030 --> 00:39:38,160
lessons space has to teach you hot

1142
00:39:45,109 --> 00:39:39,040
things

1143
00:39:47,430 --> 00:39:45,119
you know on earth when something is warm

1144
00:39:49,349 --> 00:39:47,440
like your coffee in a mug the warm air

1145
00:39:51,030 --> 00:39:49,359
is less dense and so it wafts up and you

1146
00:39:53,270 --> 00:39:51,040
can smell it and you don't have that

1147
00:39:54,950 --> 00:39:53,280
sense of smell in space you have fluid

1148
00:39:56,950 --> 00:39:54,960
shift which makes you feel a little more

1149
00:39:58,790 --> 00:39:56,960
congested and you also don't have

1150
00:40:01,510 --> 00:39:58,800
gravity to create that differential that

1151
00:40:04,230 --> 00:40:01,520
makes warm things rise so your foods

1152
00:40:06,069 --> 00:40:04,240
don't smell as strong and it affects the

1153
00:40:08,790 --> 00:40:06,079
taste and so we use a lot of condiments

1154
00:40:11,430 --> 00:40:08,800
to to make things taste better

1155
00:40:13,430 --> 00:40:11,440
but also you don't have the sensation of

1156
00:40:14,710 --> 00:40:13,440
heat when you pull a hot package out of

1157
00:40:16,790 --> 00:40:14,720
the the

1158
00:40:18,630 --> 00:40:16,800
food warmer it's not if you're not

1159
00:40:20,150 --> 00:40:18,640
holding it you don't sense the heat like

1160
00:40:22,950 --> 00:40:20,160
you do on a hot plate of food with the

1161
00:40:24,470 --> 00:40:22,960
warm air rising up to you so you really

1162
00:40:27,109 --> 00:40:24,480
need to check the temperatures of your

1163
00:40:29,430 --> 00:40:27,119
food when i ate my first bag of warm

1164
00:40:32,230 --> 00:40:29,440
tomato basil soup my first one in space

1165
00:40:34,790 --> 00:40:32,240
was cold the first time i heated it up i

1166
00:40:36,950 --> 00:40:34,800
cut the package open i made a big cut

1167
00:40:39,109 --> 00:40:36,960
too big and so soup was starting to come

1168
00:40:41,349 --> 00:40:39,119
up out of it and i put my face down by

1169
00:40:42,390 --> 00:40:41,359
it and the soup as soon as it touches

1170
00:40:44,309 --> 00:40:42,400
your lip

1171
00:40:45,990 --> 00:40:44,319
surface tension and capillary action

1172
00:40:47,910 --> 00:40:46,000
take over and it wants to spread over

1173
00:40:49,510 --> 00:40:47,920
your face and so

1174
00:40:52,069 --> 00:40:49,520
that's how i found out that it was

1175
00:40:53,510 --> 00:40:52,079
really hot and so i grabbed it off my

1176
00:40:55,109 --> 00:40:53,520
face with my hand

1177
00:40:57,030 --> 00:40:55,119
but but it was really warm and i

1178
00:40:58,550 --> 00:40:57,040
surprised myself and so

1179
00:41:00,309 --> 00:40:58,560
that's not something you think about on

1180
00:41:01,910 --> 00:41:00,319
earth because you can sense the heat and

1181
00:41:04,150 --> 00:41:01,920
then you can get a spoon out and sort of

1182
00:41:06,550 --> 00:41:04,160
slurp it and check it and in space you

1183
00:41:08,150 --> 00:41:06,560
just have to really be careful about

1184
00:41:10,870 --> 00:41:08,160
your hot foods and that's just true

1185
00:41:12,870 --> 00:41:10,880
about everything space requires constant

1186
00:41:15,270 --> 00:41:12,880
attention it is mentally fatiguing

1187
00:41:17,349 --> 00:41:15,280
because everything you do requires

1188
00:41:20,550 --> 00:41:17,359
constant attention

1189
00:41:24,230 --> 00:41:20,560
yeah the temperature inside the iss

1190
00:41:25,430 --> 00:41:24,240
i mean obviously it's closely monitored

1191
00:41:27,190 --> 00:41:25,440
uh

1192
00:41:29,910 --> 00:41:27,200
how did that feel for you

1193
00:41:31,270 --> 00:41:29,920
the atmosphere inside the

1194
00:41:35,109 --> 00:41:31,280
the air

1195
00:41:38,790 --> 00:41:35,119
the was there any other things in terms

1196
00:41:40,309 --> 00:41:38,800
of the electronics of the iss and did

1197
00:41:42,550 --> 00:41:40,319
you feel the difference being in that

1198
00:41:44,870 --> 00:41:42,560
space i mean just the emfs or you talk

1199
00:41:46,550 --> 00:41:44,880
about radiation you know those those

1200
00:41:49,829 --> 00:41:46,560
things in terms of being surrounded by

1201
00:41:52,230 --> 00:41:49,839
so many electrical uh devices and the

1202
00:41:53,510 --> 00:41:52,240
radiation did you could you tell and

1203
00:41:56,230 --> 00:41:53,520
feel a different

1204
00:41:58,550 --> 00:41:56,240
environment with that on your body

1205
00:42:00,550 --> 00:41:58,560
yes it's interesting the entire space

1206
00:42:02,630 --> 00:42:00,560
station is controlled to about 22

1207
00:42:04,790 --> 00:42:02,640
degrees celsius 72

1208
00:42:07,670 --> 00:42:04,800
degrees fahrenheit and and so it feels

1209
00:42:09,589 --> 00:42:07,680
very much like your your home except for

1210
00:42:11,270 --> 00:42:09,599
all the air moves in space station

1211
00:42:13,750 --> 00:42:11,280
because of a fan you know there's no

1212
00:42:16,069 --> 00:42:13,760
natural circulation and so because of

1213
00:42:17,670 --> 00:42:16,079
that if you stand in one place too long

1214
00:42:20,309 --> 00:42:17,680
and you talk as much as i'm speaking

1215
00:42:22,710 --> 00:42:20,319
right now you build up a bubble of co2

1216
00:42:24,309 --> 00:42:22,720
you know and that definitely has effects

1217
00:42:27,190 --> 00:42:24,319
one of the most common effects of of

1218
00:42:28,790 --> 00:42:27,200
high levels of co2 are headaches um and

1219
00:42:30,390 --> 00:42:28,800
so you can also experience air hunger

1220
00:42:32,790 --> 00:42:30,400
kind of like the sensation just before

1221
00:42:34,309 --> 00:42:32,800
you yawn and so those are things that

1222
00:42:35,990 --> 00:42:34,319
happen that that are kind of kind of

1223
00:42:37,990 --> 00:42:36,000
compartmentalized depending on where you

1224
00:42:39,510 --> 00:42:38,000
are in the activity that you're doing if

1225
00:42:41,829 --> 00:42:39,520
you're working in one area for a long

1226
00:42:44,309 --> 00:42:41,839
time you may want to have an extra fan

1227
00:42:46,069 --> 00:42:44,319
bring a fan with you to blow air out as

1228
00:42:48,870 --> 00:42:46,079
you're as you're sitting there breathing

1229
00:42:50,790 --> 00:42:48,880
and adding co2 um but the temperature

1230
00:42:52,230 --> 00:42:50,800
was very comfortable but depending on

1231
00:42:54,069 --> 00:42:52,240
where you're working sometimes i would

1232
00:42:56,150 --> 00:42:54,079
go up on the overhead and we generally

1233
00:42:57,750 --> 00:42:56,160
would have inlets on the deck and and

1234
00:42:59,910 --> 00:42:57,760
the outlets for the air conditioning

1235
00:43:02,550 --> 00:42:59,920
were overhead so when i would be working

1236
00:43:04,630 --> 00:43:02,560
up on on the ceiling on the overhead i

1237
00:43:06,550 --> 00:43:04,640
would be really close to the airflow and

1238
00:43:08,550 --> 00:43:06,560
and you know with this haircut it was

1239
00:43:09,990 --> 00:43:08,560
easy to lose a lot of heat and so when i

1240
00:43:11,990 --> 00:43:10,000
was working on the overhead i would grab

1241
00:43:13,990 --> 00:43:12,000
a hat or a knit cap and i would wear

1242
00:43:16,309 --> 00:43:14,000
that and even sometimes i would put on

1243
00:43:18,069 --> 00:43:16,319
my hoodie just because if my head was

1244
00:43:20,790 --> 00:43:18,079
losing heat it made my entire body feel

1245
00:43:23,190 --> 00:43:20,800
cold and so it really was was local

1246
00:43:25,349 --> 00:43:23,200
specific the entire space station was

1247
00:43:26,950 --> 00:43:25,359
very comfortable

1248
00:43:28,550 --> 00:43:26,960
but depending on where you worked you

1249
00:43:31,670 --> 00:43:28,560
may want to be in your short sleeves or

1250
00:43:33,990 --> 00:43:31,680
you may need a jacket to stay warm and

1251
00:43:35,750 --> 00:43:34,000
then the smell it's very interesting

1252
00:43:37,430 --> 00:43:35,760
when you first get to space station is

1253
00:43:39,270 --> 00:43:37,440
when you notice the smell the strongest

1254
00:43:41,990 --> 00:43:39,280
because you kind of get saturated and

1255
00:43:43,829 --> 00:43:42,000
you get used to it after but it was a an

1256
00:43:46,069 --> 00:43:43,839
interesting combination and again it's

1257
00:43:48,069 --> 00:43:46,079
also local when you go into the module

1258
00:43:49,990 --> 00:43:48,079
that has the the lifting the strength

1259
00:43:51,910 --> 00:43:50,000
training equipment that's also where the

1260
00:43:54,630 --> 00:43:51,920
bathroom is so that's the most

1261
00:43:56,950 --> 00:43:54,640
odoriferous module that one smells like

1262
00:44:00,230 --> 00:43:56,960
a locker room and so the overall space

1263
00:44:05,030 --> 00:44:00,240
station it smells very much like a

1264
00:44:09,109 --> 00:44:06,470
sterile

1265
00:44:11,030 --> 00:44:09,119
metallic quality to it and it very much

1266
00:44:14,230 --> 00:44:11,040
smells like a work space you know when

1267
00:44:16,309 --> 00:44:14,240
you walk into a hospital you sense that

1268
00:44:19,190 --> 00:44:16,319
yeah this smells like a hospital it's

1269
00:44:20,870 --> 00:44:19,200
got this antiseptic germ-free quality

1270
00:44:22,870 --> 00:44:20,880
and so we work really hard to keep it

1271
00:44:24,470 --> 00:44:22,880
clean and it just you know between all

1272
00:44:26,470 --> 00:44:24,480
the machines and the fans on the

1273
00:44:28,710 --> 00:44:26,480
computers and the and the the power

1274
00:44:32,230 --> 00:44:28,720
boxes on all the hardware there's this

1275
00:44:34,470 --> 00:44:32,240
hum and there's a smell there's a visual

1276
00:44:36,470 --> 00:44:34,480
and and there's a sound of the space

1277
00:44:38,710 --> 00:44:36,480
station that kind of it's almost like a

1278
00:44:41,109 --> 00:44:38,720
living thing and and it's neat because

1279
00:44:43,109 --> 00:44:41,119
if that ever changes you know the ground

1280
00:44:44,550 --> 00:44:43,119
did something or something broke and all

1281
00:44:46,630 --> 00:44:44,560
of us would hear something shut down and

1282
00:44:48,710 --> 00:44:46,640
go oh something just changed and and the

1283
00:44:50,550 --> 00:44:48,720
ground would call you so you get used to

1284
00:44:52,069 --> 00:44:50,560
all of those those qualities of the

1285
00:44:53,829 --> 00:44:52,079
space station it's almost like another

1286
00:44:54,950 --> 00:44:53,839
crew member up there that you get used

1287
00:44:57,750 --> 00:44:54,960
to the personality and the

1288
00:44:59,990 --> 00:44:57,760
characteristics of iss

1289
00:45:03,670 --> 00:45:00,000
so it's always that electronic sound

1290
00:45:06,470 --> 00:45:03,680
throughout you just but that never stops

1291
00:45:09,589 --> 00:45:06,480
all the fans and electronics there's a

1292
00:45:11,829 --> 00:45:09,599
word a hum that just is continuous and

1293
00:45:13,589 --> 00:45:11,839
if that ever stops and it gets quiet

1294
00:45:15,589 --> 00:45:13,599
quiet would actually make us all go

1295
00:45:17,510 --> 00:45:15,599
uh-oh what's wrong did we just lose

1296
00:45:20,150 --> 00:45:17,520
power what happened because there's

1297
00:45:23,190 --> 00:45:20,160
always some machine running 24 hours a

1298
00:45:24,790 --> 00:45:23,200
day 365 366 in a leap year it's always

1299
00:45:26,390 --> 00:45:24,800
moving

1300
00:45:28,710 --> 00:45:26,400
so you feel the vibration when you're

1301
00:45:30,390 --> 00:45:28,720
sleeping was it hard to make yourself

1302
00:45:32,390 --> 00:45:30,400
fall asleep and stay on a schedule with

1303
00:45:35,430 --> 00:45:32,400
that did you feel the vibration you're

1304
00:45:37,750 --> 00:45:35,440
hearing the noise did you have earplugs

1305
00:45:39,510 --> 00:45:37,760
uh we we have earplugs we also have you

1306
00:45:41,030 --> 00:45:39,520
know sleep medication if you need it if

1307
00:45:42,950 --> 00:45:41,040
you wake up and you have trouble going

1308
00:45:43,829 --> 00:45:42,960
back to sleep we have lots of options

1309
00:45:46,309 --> 00:45:43,839
there

1310
00:45:48,150 --> 00:45:46,319
i think i was very fortunate i did not

1311
00:45:50,230 --> 00:45:48,160
use earplugs because i wanted to be able

1312
00:45:51,589 --> 00:45:50,240
to hear if the ground called us or if

1313
00:45:53,589 --> 00:45:51,599
there was an alarm in the middle of the

1314
00:45:55,430 --> 00:45:53,599
night and we actually had several about

1315
00:45:56,950 --> 00:45:55,440
a half a dozen times where we were woken

1316
00:45:59,910 --> 00:45:56,960
up in the middle of the night

1317
00:46:01,670 --> 00:45:59,920
once it was three times in one night and

1318
00:46:03,829 --> 00:46:01,680
uh and you don't ever want to discount

1319
00:46:07,349 --> 00:46:03,839
them you want to take each one seriously

1320
00:46:09,430 --> 00:46:07,359
uh and so i wanted to hear but i i i

1321
00:46:11,510 --> 00:46:09,440
didn't have trouble falling asleep and a

1322
00:46:13,990 --> 00:46:11,520
part of that is because we sleep in crew

1323
00:46:15,990 --> 00:46:14,000
quarters all of us except our commander

1324
00:46:18,390 --> 00:46:16,000
we we increased the normal size of the

1325
00:46:20,470 --> 00:46:18,400
space station crew from six to seven and

1326
00:46:22,630 --> 00:46:20,480
so we didn't yet have an extra room we

1327
00:46:24,390 --> 00:46:22,640
call them crew quarters uh and they're

1328
00:46:26,950 --> 00:46:24,400
padded on the inside so when you shut

1329
00:46:29,670 --> 00:46:26,960
the door it has its own fan and other

1330
00:46:31,430 --> 00:46:29,680
than that fan and your computer or

1331
00:46:33,589 --> 00:46:31,440
music if you have music playing you

1332
00:46:35,270 --> 00:46:33,599
don't hear much when you're in your crew

1333
00:46:37,750 --> 00:46:35,280
quarters and that's great you can hop in

1334
00:46:39,829 --> 00:46:37,760
your sleeping bag and for me i i didn't

1335
00:46:41,990 --> 00:46:39,839
like to tie my sleeping bag down very

1336
00:46:44,390 --> 00:46:42,000
tight some people tried to recreate the

1337
00:46:46,390 --> 00:46:44,400
sensation of sleeping on earth and they

1338
00:46:48,390 --> 00:46:46,400
would put a pillow and try to squeeze

1339
00:46:50,790 --> 00:46:48,400
themselves up up against the wall and

1340
00:46:53,270 --> 00:46:50,800
create the sense of pressure that was

1341
00:46:55,670 --> 00:46:53,280
would mimic laying down and i just tried

1342
00:46:58,069 --> 00:46:55,680
to embrace the floating and so i tied my

1343
00:46:59,829 --> 00:46:58,079
sleeping bag at the waist in two places

1344
00:47:01,109 --> 00:46:59,839
and the rest of it i let it float and so

1345
00:47:03,589 --> 00:47:01,119
i just slept out in the middle of the

1346
00:47:06,390 --> 00:47:03,599
module and my body was in whatever its

1347
00:47:08,950 --> 00:47:06,400
normal relaxed position was and i slept

1348
00:47:11,349 --> 00:47:08,960
great i slept great on on the space

1349
00:47:13,430 --> 00:47:11,359
station and i actually needed less sleep

1350
00:47:15,270 --> 00:47:13,440
i averaged seven hours a night and on

1351
00:47:17,750 --> 00:47:15,280
earth i tried to get eight hours a night

1352
00:47:19,510 --> 00:47:17,760
but at seven hours i could my eyes would

1353
00:47:20,950 --> 00:47:19,520
fly open and i would be rested and ready

1354
00:47:22,470 --> 00:47:20,960
to start the day that was very

1355
00:47:24,069 --> 00:47:22,480
interesting

1356
00:47:25,670 --> 00:47:24,079
and did you feel a difference in your

1357
00:47:27,829 --> 00:47:25,680
sleep on earth

1358
00:47:30,069 --> 00:47:27,839
from when you came back did it when you

1359
00:47:33,510 --> 00:47:30,079
when the gravity did it change any did

1360
00:47:36,150 --> 00:47:33,520
you feel any physical effects

1361
00:47:38,309 --> 00:47:36,160
um coming back to earth i had to get

1362
00:47:40,390 --> 00:47:38,319
used to lying down again and and then

1363
00:47:42,870 --> 00:47:40,400
especially sitting up my midsection was

1364
00:47:45,589 --> 00:47:42,880
so weak so weak compared to before i

1365
00:47:48,230 --> 00:47:45,599
flew that when i would sit up it was a

1366
00:47:50,069 --> 00:47:48,240
concerted effort you know and then just

1367
00:47:52,309 --> 00:47:50,079
getting stable and then standing up that

1368
00:47:54,230 --> 00:47:52,319
was an interesting thing to lie down all

1369
00:47:56,309 --> 00:47:54,240
night and then sit up

1370
00:47:58,710 --> 00:47:56,319
but but overall the sleep quality i

1371
00:48:01,829 --> 00:47:58,720
think my sleep once i was asleep was

1372
00:48:03,750 --> 00:48:01,839
very much in space like it was on earth

1373
00:48:06,390 --> 00:48:03,760
and that was nice because sleep is very

1374
00:48:08,390 --> 00:48:06,400
important to me just food sleep

1375
00:48:09,910 --> 00:48:08,400
flying those are things that i very much

1376
00:48:11,349 --> 00:48:09,920
love

1377
00:48:13,349 --> 00:48:11,359
i appreciate that

1378
00:48:16,150 --> 00:48:13,359
by the way speaking of flying i'm i'm

1379
00:48:19,990 --> 00:48:16,160
talking to you now uh from england at a

1380
00:48:22,390 --> 00:48:20,000
great uh you know airfield duxford

1381
00:48:24,630 --> 00:48:22,400
at the uh it's a restoration center this

1382
00:48:26,069 --> 00:48:24,640
is a spitfire behind me right here you

1383
00:48:28,630 --> 00:48:26,079
know so these guys i don't know if you

1384
00:48:31,109 --> 00:48:28,640
can see it on the scene

1385
00:48:33,829 --> 00:48:31,119
i can and it's beautiful mark told me

1386
00:48:35,510 --> 00:48:33,839
where you are and that is i'm jealous uh

1387
00:48:37,510 --> 00:48:35,520
this is a cool view but there's no

1388
00:48:39,349 --> 00:48:37,520
airplane behind me that's that's awesome

1389
00:48:40,870 --> 00:48:39,359
that's a very cool view this this

1390
00:48:42,230 --> 00:48:40,880
airplane you know that's what we're

1391
00:48:44,309 --> 00:48:42,240
doing we're

1392
00:48:46,470 --> 00:48:44,319
flying a bunch of stuff and

1393
00:48:49,030 --> 00:48:46,480
you know working on we're releasing top

1394
00:48:50,950 --> 00:48:49,040
gun and we're working on missions so

1395
00:48:53,109 --> 00:48:50,960
being a fighter

1396
00:48:54,790 --> 00:48:53,119
i know man we're gonna i'll be flying

1397
00:48:56,630 --> 00:48:54,800
this thing when i get off here we're

1398
00:48:58,870 --> 00:48:56,640
gonna go fly some spitfires we got

1399
00:49:00,549 --> 00:48:58,880
mustang here too oh very cool

1400
00:49:01,589 --> 00:49:00,559
wow

1401
00:49:03,190 --> 00:49:01,599
if you're ever

1402
00:49:05,349 --> 00:49:03,200
where are you now are you in uh

1403
00:49:07,270 --> 00:49:05,359
california where are you

1404
00:49:09,589 --> 00:49:07,280
i'm in houston

1405
00:49:10,630 --> 00:49:09,599
just south houston

1406
00:49:13,270 --> 00:49:10,640
where you tell me you ever get to

1407
00:49:16,470 --> 00:49:13,280
california i have a p-51 out there you

1408
00:49:20,150 --> 00:49:16,480
you go have a flight if you want it you

1409
00:49:23,190 --> 00:49:20,160
just tell me okay so p51

1410
00:49:28,309 --> 00:49:27,190
oh you okay you had me at hello yes sign

1411
00:49:30,950 --> 00:49:28,319
me up

1412
00:49:33,430 --> 00:49:30,960
i i flew 35 airplanes in test pilot

1413
00:49:34,710 --> 00:49:33,440
school and two that i never got to fly

1414
00:49:36,390 --> 00:49:34,720
that i always wanted to fly were the

1415
00:49:39,430 --> 00:49:36,400
f-14 tomcat

1416
00:49:41,270 --> 00:49:39,440
and the p51 mustang this test pilot

1417
00:49:43,190 --> 00:49:41,280
school wasn't able to get a p-51 that

1418
00:49:46,470 --> 00:49:43,200
year sometimes they do but we didn't get

1419
00:49:47,829 --> 00:49:46,480
one so that's on my bucket list

1420
00:49:49,670 --> 00:49:47,839
well good man i'm gonna i'm gonna get

1421
00:49:50,710 --> 00:49:49,680
that bucket list for you we've got some

1422
00:49:52,630 --> 00:49:50,720
good pilots

1423
00:49:54,069 --> 00:49:52,640
taking you through it awesome thank you

1424
00:49:55,829 --> 00:49:54,079
thank you

1425
00:49:57,349 --> 00:49:55,839
we'll get that done

1426
00:49:58,870 --> 00:49:57,359
now let me see we talked through your

1427
00:50:00,630 --> 00:49:58,880
science experiments i'm going to kind of

1428
00:50:02,390 --> 00:50:00,640
look at the questions i that we had

1429
00:50:04,870 --> 00:50:02,400
written down i want to make sure

1430
00:50:05,910 --> 00:50:04,880
you know we went through the sleep

1431
00:50:07,670 --> 00:50:05,920
okay

1432
00:50:10,069 --> 00:50:07,680
and you know one of the things that i'd

1433
00:50:12,549 --> 00:50:10,079
like to discuss also is the the team

1434
00:50:14,390 --> 00:50:12,559
dynamic the preparation for that i mean

1435
00:50:16,230 --> 00:50:14,400
being in such close quarters

1436
00:50:18,390 --> 00:50:16,240
you know uh obviously you went through

1437
00:50:20,230 --> 00:50:18,400
the air force academy you know you know

1438
00:50:21,829 --> 00:50:20,240
the preparation you know understand the

1439
00:50:24,870 --> 00:50:21,839
military

1440
00:50:27,349 --> 00:50:24,880
teamwork and the flow of communication

1441
00:50:30,630 --> 00:50:27,359
was that different with the iss was that

1442
00:50:33,829 --> 00:50:30,640
different this team is there you know

1443
00:50:35,750 --> 00:50:33,839
did you find in terms of

1444
00:50:37,589 --> 00:50:35,760
everyone under stress or personal

1445
00:50:39,430 --> 00:50:37,599
conflict and how to resolve those

1446
00:50:42,150 --> 00:50:39,440
conflicts when you're there so that it's

1447
00:50:44,150 --> 00:50:42,160
it's did you guys have to have uh you

1448
00:50:46,230 --> 00:50:44,160
know those kind that kind of training in

1449
00:50:48,870 --> 00:50:46,240
terms of dealing with that those

1450
00:50:50,870 --> 00:50:48,880
situations when they arise

1451
00:50:53,190 --> 00:50:50,880
absolutely absolutely and i think it's

1452
00:50:55,750 --> 00:50:53,200
time well spent and that's what i would

1453
00:50:58,309 --> 00:50:55,760
say is it takes intention and it takes

1454
00:51:00,390 --> 00:50:58,319
time you have to put in work uh for

1455
00:51:02,870 --> 00:51:00,400
self-care learning how to take care of

1456
00:51:04,870 --> 00:51:02,880
yourself and understanding uh what what

1457
00:51:07,670 --> 00:51:04,880
gets you going and what what makes you

1458
00:51:09,910 --> 00:51:07,680
stop and and then also team care how you

1459
00:51:12,230 --> 00:51:09,920
fit into the role of a high performing

1460
00:51:14,390 --> 00:51:12,240
high functioning team that has to work

1461
00:51:18,630 --> 00:51:14,400
in this isolated confined and extreme

1462
00:51:21,349 --> 00:51:18,640
environment and so uh i think the uh the

1463
00:51:23,589 --> 00:51:21,359
the effort that we take on the ground in

1464
00:51:26,150 --> 00:51:23,599
training is really to give you a tool

1465
00:51:28,069 --> 00:51:26,160
bag a set of tools that you can use when

1466
00:51:30,790 --> 00:51:28,079
you need them and it's important to

1467
00:51:31,670 --> 00:51:30,800
understand them as a suite of tools

1468
00:51:33,829 --> 00:51:31,680
because

1469
00:51:35,109 --> 00:51:33,839
just like space walking and science you

1470
00:51:37,270 --> 00:51:35,119
really don't know what it's like until

1471
00:51:39,670 --> 00:51:37,280
you get there there's a part of your

1472
00:51:41,750 --> 00:51:39,680
mission that is going to affect you

1473
00:51:43,190 --> 00:51:41,760
socially and emotionally and you don't

1474
00:51:45,190 --> 00:51:43,200
know how that's going to affect you

1475
00:51:47,589 --> 00:51:45,200
until you get there for example on earth

1476
00:51:49,670 --> 00:51:47,599
i would consider myself an extroverts

1477
00:51:51,910 --> 00:51:49,680
extrovert a type a extrovert i love

1478
00:51:53,750 --> 00:51:51,920
being with people and and communicating

1479
00:51:57,030 --> 00:51:53,760
and telling stories and hearing stories

1480
00:51:59,589 --> 00:51:57,040
and that gives me energy on the iss

1481
00:52:02,630 --> 00:51:59,599
if i had a free moment i wanted to be by

1482
00:52:04,790 --> 00:52:02,640
myself because you're constantly engaged

1483
00:52:07,030 --> 00:52:04,800
with things and people and getting

1484
00:52:09,750 --> 00:52:07,040
instruction and giving a report and

1485
00:52:12,630 --> 00:52:09,760
there's so much extrovertism that i

1486
00:52:14,710 --> 00:52:12,640
needed to just be by myself to recharge

1487
00:52:17,109 --> 00:52:14,720
and that surprised me and so so it's

1488
00:52:20,069 --> 00:52:17,119
important to have your tools so that in

1489
00:52:22,309 --> 00:52:20,079
in space in the moment you can actually

1490
00:52:24,549 --> 00:52:22,319
contrive something you can use the basic

1491
00:52:26,390 --> 00:52:24,559
building blocks that we study on earth

1492
00:52:28,549 --> 00:52:26,400
to create whatever it is that you need

1493
00:52:30,390 --> 00:52:28,559
when you're in the environment uh i like

1494
00:52:32,549 --> 00:52:30,400
to tell this story about you know

1495
00:52:33,990 --> 00:52:32,559
working together it's important to train

1496
00:52:36,390 --> 00:52:34,000
with folks on the ground so that you

1497
00:52:38,309 --> 00:52:36,400
know them and mike hopkins our dragon

1498
00:52:40,309 --> 00:52:38,319
commander he and i were together for

1499
00:52:42,069 --> 00:52:40,319
three years prior to this mission and

1500
00:52:43,990 --> 00:52:42,079
over time we developed a couple of

1501
00:52:45,829 --> 00:52:44,000
things we we would say hey if we're ever

1502
00:52:47,349 --> 00:52:45,839
talking to the ground and you hear me

1503
00:52:49,510 --> 00:52:47,359
say something and you think i'm being

1504
00:52:51,109 --> 00:52:49,520
too pushy uh you know we both played

1505
00:52:53,910 --> 00:52:51,119
college football and so we came up with

1506
00:52:55,589 --> 00:52:53,920
this saying take a knee take a knee and

1507
00:52:57,910 --> 00:52:55,599
that was if we thought we were being too

1508
00:53:00,390 --> 00:52:57,920
pushy with the ground or or with each

1509
00:53:02,710 --> 00:53:00,400
other take a knee and we we agreed we

1510
00:53:04,950 --> 00:53:02,720
had trust in each other uh that if we

1511
00:53:06,870 --> 00:53:04,960
ever heard that it was an automatic stop

1512
00:53:09,829 --> 00:53:06,880
and then we would do whatever our other

1513
00:53:11,990 --> 00:53:09,839
crewmates suggested and we also came up

1514
00:53:13,829 --> 00:53:12,000
with another saying over time that was

1515
00:53:15,750 --> 00:53:13,839
if we were doing something that uh you

1516
00:53:17,430 --> 00:53:15,760
know maybe seemed tedious or we had just

1517
00:53:19,430 --> 00:53:17,440
done it in the ground said hey we need

1518
00:53:21,910 --> 00:53:19,440
you to do this and and we could tell

1519
00:53:24,069 --> 00:53:21,920
that that might be a frustrating uh item

1520
00:53:26,710 --> 00:53:24,079
for for each other that we would say

1521
00:53:29,190 --> 00:53:26,720
over the over the intercom or if we were

1522
00:53:31,190 --> 00:53:29,200
floating by we would just say this is

1523
00:53:32,950 --> 00:53:31,200
the mission you know we're both military

1524
00:53:35,349 --> 00:53:32,960
officers also and sometimes you just got

1525
00:53:37,109 --> 00:53:35,359
to follow orders and salute and carry on

1526
00:53:39,910 --> 00:53:37,119
and so we would say to each other this

1527
00:53:42,309 --> 00:53:39,920
is the mission and over time because the

1528
00:53:44,950 --> 00:53:42,319
the tv show the mandalorian was out and

1529
00:53:47,670 --> 00:53:44,960
they in that they say uh this is the way

1530
00:53:48,870 --> 00:53:47,680
this is the way and so we adapted it uh

1531
00:53:50,950 --> 00:53:48,880
because we loved watching the

1532
00:53:53,109 --> 00:53:50,960
mandalorian we took a baby yoda to space

1533
00:53:55,349 --> 00:53:53,119
as our zero g indicator and so we

1534
00:53:57,750 --> 00:53:55,359
started saying this is the way and we

1535
00:54:00,470 --> 00:53:57,760
actually used that one all the time and

1536
00:54:02,230 --> 00:54:00,480
it was mostly uh in humor it was mostly

1537
00:54:03,990 --> 00:54:02,240
a joke you know we'd hear something come

1538
00:54:05,510 --> 00:54:04,000
up from the ground and we'd be in a

1539
00:54:07,430 --> 00:54:05,520
completely different module and one of

1540
00:54:09,750 --> 00:54:07,440
us would yell this is the way you know

1541
00:54:11,750 --> 00:54:09,760
and everybody would laugh uh because we

1542
00:54:14,549 --> 00:54:11,760
understood what was going on

1543
00:54:17,510 --> 00:54:14,559
but the the other one the taking a knee

1544
00:54:19,510 --> 00:54:17,520
we never had to use that in space but i

1545
00:54:21,589 --> 00:54:19,520
think it's important that we had to come

1546
00:54:24,710 --> 00:54:21,599
up with that and i think because we put

1547
00:54:27,349 --> 00:54:24,720
the time to develop a system to hold

1548
00:54:29,349 --> 00:54:27,359
each other accountable but also to build

1549
00:54:31,349 --> 00:54:29,359
trust to use that system of

1550
00:54:32,790 --> 00:54:31,359
accountability i think that's one of the

1551
00:54:34,230 --> 00:54:32,800
reasons that we never actually had to

1552
00:54:36,630 --> 00:54:34,240
use it and that's a good thing i think

1553
00:54:39,430 --> 00:54:36,640
that's a win and so overall though it's

1554
00:54:41,750 --> 00:54:39,440
important to to intentionally take time

1555
00:54:43,829 --> 00:54:41,760
to do self-care and team care training

1556
00:54:45,910 --> 00:54:43,839
and then to have the time dedicated to

1557
00:54:47,990 --> 00:54:45,920
doing it and sometimes we're going to

1558
00:54:49,349 --> 00:54:48,000
have to do it in in real time we're

1559
00:54:51,510 --> 00:54:49,359
getting ready to launch a private

1560
00:54:53,349 --> 00:54:51,520
mission to the space station and as we

1561
00:54:55,030 --> 00:54:53,359
do that we're going to have less time to

1562
00:54:57,030 --> 00:54:55,040
be together on the ground and i think

1563
00:54:58,630 --> 00:54:57,040
it's important for us to consider

1564
00:55:01,349 --> 00:54:58,640
time on the space station that we

1565
00:55:04,309 --> 00:55:01,359
dedicate solely to building

1566
00:55:06,470 --> 00:55:04,319
team camaraderie and morale

1567
00:55:08,150 --> 00:55:06,480
so that those folks can be effective as

1568
00:55:09,270 --> 00:55:08,160
effective as they can be in space

1569
00:55:12,470 --> 00:55:09,280
because it again it requires

1570
00:55:13,990 --> 00:55:12,480
intentionality and it requires time

1571
00:55:16,950 --> 00:55:14,000
that makes total sense

1572
00:55:18,789 --> 00:55:16,960
excellent

1573
00:55:20,710 --> 00:55:18,799
now also just going on the journey six

1574
00:55:22,870 --> 00:55:20,720
and a half hours

1575
00:55:24,390 --> 00:55:22,880
to the space station

1576
00:55:26,950 --> 00:55:24,400
what was that like that's six and a half

1577
00:55:28,470 --> 00:55:26,960
hours of you at a certain point

1578
00:55:30,470 --> 00:55:28,480
you've had the g you've had the ride

1579
00:55:32,549 --> 00:55:30,480
into space and now you're just did you

1580
00:55:34,150 --> 00:55:32,559
feel like okay i'm

1581
00:55:35,109 --> 00:55:34,160
i'm ready to get there let's you know

1582
00:55:39,349 --> 00:55:35,119
what was going through your mind

1583
00:55:43,829 --> 00:55:41,670
so you know it can be uh

1584
00:55:46,309 --> 00:55:43,839
it can be as short as about six and a

1585
00:55:48,789 --> 00:55:46,319
half hours or it can be much longer

1586
00:55:52,069 --> 00:55:48,799
sometimes it can take up to two days in

1587
00:55:55,030 --> 00:55:52,079
the soyuz it used to take 48 hours

1588
00:55:57,589 --> 00:55:55,040
they can get there as short as six hours

1589
00:56:01,109 --> 00:55:57,599
and so our rendezvous actually was in

1590
00:56:03,349 --> 00:56:01,119
between it was 27 hours and so after the

1591
00:56:04,549 --> 00:56:03,359
exhilarating ride of about nine minutes

1592
00:56:05,430 --> 00:56:04,559
into orbit

1593
00:56:07,910 --> 00:56:05,440
um

1594
00:56:10,150 --> 00:56:07,920
we had over a day before we could dock

1595
00:56:12,549 --> 00:56:10,160
with the space station and you know it

1596
00:56:15,270 --> 00:56:12,559
was that's when i had my first view of

1597
00:56:18,069 --> 00:56:15,280
earth from space i had my first meal

1598
00:56:19,750 --> 00:56:18,079
macadamia nuts and cold tomato soup and

1599
00:56:22,390 --> 00:56:19,760
the first time i got to use the bathroom

1600
00:56:23,910 --> 00:56:22,400
in space and so it was fun but after

1601
00:56:25,670 --> 00:56:23,920
trying to go to sleep that's when i

1602
00:56:27,190 --> 00:56:25,680
realized okay i'm ready to be on the

1603
00:56:29,430 --> 00:56:27,200
space station because i slept in my

1604
00:56:31,349 --> 00:56:29,440
chair so i could see the displays if

1605
00:56:32,870 --> 00:56:31,359
something happened i would be right

1606
00:56:34,870 --> 00:56:32,880
there at my workstation ready to you

1607
00:56:37,030 --> 00:56:34,880
know get back to piloting crew dragon

1608
00:56:39,109 --> 00:56:37,040
resilience and so you actually don't

1609
00:56:40,549 --> 00:56:39,119
sleep well in the spacecraft you really

1610
00:56:42,950 --> 00:56:40,559
nap it's really

1611
00:56:44,390 --> 00:56:42,960
snacking instead of having a meal and

1612
00:56:46,630 --> 00:56:44,400
napping instead of getting a good

1613
00:56:49,430 --> 00:56:46,640
night's sleep and so after just taking

1614
00:56:51,109 --> 00:56:49,440
naps over a day when i got to the space

1615
00:56:52,549 --> 00:56:51,119
station i knew that that was where i was

1616
00:56:54,630 --> 00:56:52,559
going to get my first good sleep so i

1617
00:56:57,109 --> 00:56:54,640
was ready

1618
00:56:59,030 --> 00:56:57,119
it's very cool that's very cool now you

1619
00:57:01,750 --> 00:56:59,040
are also you're the first crew that

1620
00:57:05,349 --> 00:57:01,760
landed at night since 1968 since lovell

1621
00:57:06,789 --> 00:57:05,359
and anderson borman the apollo 8 mission

1622
00:57:08,470 --> 00:57:06,799
now what was that like i mean how

1623
00:57:09,670 --> 00:57:08,480
aggressive was the landing

1624
00:57:11,670 --> 00:57:09,680
what happened immediately after

1625
00:57:12,710 --> 00:57:11,680
splashdown i mean what

1626
00:57:14,390 --> 00:57:12,720
you know

1627
00:57:16,309 --> 00:57:14,400
what was it like coming back six months

1628
00:57:18,789 --> 00:57:16,319
later hitting hitting the water what did

1629
00:57:20,950 --> 00:57:18,799
you feel was it rocking did you feel the

1630
00:57:23,670 --> 00:57:20,960
the impact of the water was it

1631
00:57:25,670 --> 00:57:23,680
did they have some special

1632
00:57:29,349 --> 00:57:25,680
system that that carried you a little

1633
00:57:32,150 --> 00:57:29,359
bit took some of the load in the chair

1634
00:57:34,549 --> 00:57:32,160
so it's uh it is actually a really neat

1635
00:57:36,870 --> 00:57:34,559
uh thing to come back to earth after six

1636
00:57:39,670 --> 00:57:36,880
months you know when we first hit the

1637
00:57:41,750 --> 00:57:39,680
atmosphere we do a deorbit burn which uh

1638
00:57:43,670 --> 00:57:41,760
decelerates the spacecraft so it starts

1639
00:57:46,309 --> 00:57:43,680
to descend and then it hits the

1640
00:57:48,870 --> 00:57:46,319
atmosphere and the drag of the air

1641
00:57:51,750 --> 00:57:48,880
starts to slow it down in fact that drag

1642
00:57:54,789 --> 00:57:51,760
you're going so fast that friction heats

1643
00:57:56,710 --> 00:57:54,799
up and and it ignites the air around the

1644
00:57:59,190 --> 00:57:56,720
vehicle creating a plasma cloud that's

1645
00:58:01,109 --> 00:57:59,200
why you come back to earth in a fireball

1646
00:58:03,030 --> 00:58:01,119
and so that heat shield is doing its job

1647
00:58:05,670 --> 00:58:03,040
but that's also when you start to feel

1648
00:58:07,990 --> 00:58:05,680
your first g again and so as the g on

1649
00:58:10,549 --> 00:58:08,000
the spacecraft builds up you start to

1650
00:58:12,069 --> 00:58:10,559
feel your weight again and that's really

1651
00:58:14,549 --> 00:58:12,079
interesting after being weightless for

1652
00:58:16,549 --> 00:58:14,559
six months that's the first sensation

1653
00:58:21,030 --> 00:58:16,559
then when we got to about

1654
00:58:22,870 --> 00:58:21,040
uh 18 000 feet uh the drogue parachutes

1655
00:58:25,750 --> 00:58:22,880
come out and so the g has been coming up

1656
00:58:27,190 --> 00:58:25,760
and so just like on launch the g is into

1657
00:58:29,270 --> 00:58:27,200
your chest because now we turn the

1658
00:58:31,510 --> 00:58:29,280
spacecraft backwards to put the heat

1659
00:58:33,589 --> 00:58:31,520
shield into the wind so the pressure is

1660
00:58:36,069 --> 00:58:33,599
still going into the chest making it

1661
00:58:39,190 --> 00:58:36,079
hard to breathe you feel like your face

1662
00:58:42,309 --> 00:58:39,200
is doing this being stretched out and so

1663
00:58:45,430 --> 00:58:42,319
you get to 18 000 feet and then the

1664
00:58:48,630 --> 00:58:45,440
drogue parachutes come out and that is

1665
00:58:50,710 --> 00:58:48,640
very visceral the vehicle moves and you

1666
00:58:52,309 --> 00:58:50,720
feel it swaying we call that a dutch

1667
00:58:54,390 --> 00:58:52,319
roll it's like rolling and pitching and

1668
00:58:56,309 --> 00:58:54,400
yawing all at the same time and then it

1669
00:58:58,470 --> 00:58:56,319
stabilizes and those drug shoots start

1670
00:59:00,870 --> 00:58:58,480
to slow you down and get you into the

1671
00:59:02,950 --> 00:59:00,880
envelope where the main parachutes come

1672
00:59:05,589 --> 00:59:02,960
out and then those big parachutes come

1673
00:59:08,230 --> 00:59:05,599
out and they they reef they start off

1674
00:59:09,990 --> 00:59:08,240
very uh closed and then they open

1675
00:59:12,309 --> 00:59:10,000
slightly and then open all the way over

1676
00:59:13,990 --> 00:59:12,319
time and so you can actually feel that

1677
00:59:16,150 --> 00:59:14,000
it's almost like hanging on the end of a

1678
00:59:18,309 --> 00:59:16,160
bungee cord when they first come out it

1679
00:59:20,470 --> 00:59:18,319
jerks the vehicle and you kind of bounce

1680
00:59:22,230 --> 00:59:20,480
you almost feel like you're going over a

1681
00:59:24,549 --> 00:59:22,240
bump in a car i felt a little bit of a

1682
00:59:26,950 --> 00:59:24,559
light sensation after feeling the first

1683
00:59:29,589 --> 00:59:26,960
g then i to feel weightless again was

1684
00:59:31,190 --> 00:59:29,599
very interesting and then they widen out

1685
00:59:32,710 --> 00:59:31,200
and slow you down again and so you feel

1686
00:59:35,670 --> 00:59:32,720
again the same

1687
00:59:37,910 --> 00:59:35,680
jerking sensation and then uh from about

1688
00:59:39,990 --> 00:59:37,920
six thousand feet down to the surface

1689
00:59:43,030 --> 00:59:40,000
you're riding under these big four

1690
00:59:45,670 --> 00:59:43,040
parachutes and we were

1691
00:59:47,829 --> 00:59:45,680
uh you touched down doing about 27 feet

1692
00:59:50,309 --> 00:59:47,839
per second if you skydive you know most

1693
00:59:53,109 --> 00:59:50,319
parachutes get you between 20 and 30

1694
00:59:55,030 --> 00:59:53,119
feet per second or seven uh meters per

1695
00:59:57,190 --> 00:59:55,040
second when you touch down and that's

1696
00:59:58,390 --> 00:59:57,200
about what what sport parachutes bring

1697
01:00:00,470 --> 00:59:58,400
you down to the ground at so that's

1698
01:00:02,390 --> 01:00:00,480
about the same velocity that we hit the

1699
01:00:04,710 --> 01:00:02,400
water with and you know the water is a

1700
01:00:06,710 --> 01:00:04,720
nicer place to touch down than the land

1701
01:00:08,789 --> 01:00:06,720
and so the the touchdown was actually

1702
01:00:10,309 --> 01:00:08,799
quite soft because it gives the the

1703
01:00:12,069 --> 01:00:10,319
spacecraft settles into the water a

1704
01:00:14,789 --> 01:00:12,079
little bit and then rebounds and then

1705
01:00:17,349 --> 01:00:14,799
bounces and because it was night and the

1706
01:00:19,109 --> 01:00:17,359
seas were nice and calm it felt like we

1707
01:00:21,430 --> 01:00:19,119
were just gently rocking you couldn't

1708
01:00:24,230 --> 01:00:21,440
see the horizon outside so there wasn't

1709
01:00:26,390 --> 01:00:24,240
a sense of you know disorientation which

1710
01:00:27,910 --> 01:00:26,400
i was very worried about it felt nice

1711
01:00:29,750 --> 01:00:27,920
and calm like i was sitting in a rocking

1712
01:00:31,430 --> 01:00:29,760
chair just going back and forth and it

1713
01:00:32,470 --> 01:00:31,440
actually felt very good it felt very

1714
01:00:35,430 --> 01:00:32,480
comforting

1715
01:00:38,390 --> 01:00:35,440
however it was at that time i'm now back

1716
01:00:41,109 --> 01:00:38,400
in 1g i feel my 200 pounds and that's

1717
01:00:42,710 --> 01:00:41,119
when i noticed i had to pee i could also

1718
01:00:44,390 --> 01:00:42,720
feel the weight of my bladder for the

1719
01:00:46,710 --> 01:00:44,400
first time and it was a really

1720
01:00:48,309 --> 01:00:46,720
interesting sensation after not having

1721
01:00:49,270 --> 01:00:48,319
it for six months

1722
01:00:50,870 --> 01:00:49,280
wow

1723
01:00:52,710 --> 01:00:50,880
for six months you did not have that

1724
01:00:54,309 --> 01:00:52,720
feeling at all

1725
01:00:55,829 --> 01:00:54,319
well not the weight you know it's really

1726
01:00:57,829 --> 01:00:55,839
interesting because you have to really

1727
01:00:59,750 --> 01:00:57,839
go regularly and encourage yourself to

1728
01:01:01,349 --> 01:00:59,760
go because by the time you feel that it

1729
01:01:02,710 --> 01:01:01,359
means your bladder is really full

1730
01:01:04,789 --> 01:01:02,720
because you don't have the weight it

1731
01:01:07,109 --> 01:01:04,799
means it you know volume wise has filled

1732
01:01:09,870 --> 01:01:07,119
up so yeah to feel the weight again now

1733
01:01:11,910 --> 01:01:09,880
it was like whoa i've got to go now

1734
01:01:13,990 --> 01:01:11,920
[Laughter]

1735
01:01:15,670 --> 01:01:14,000
and what about your strength

1736
01:01:17,589 --> 01:01:15,680
or otherwise when you when you got up

1737
01:01:19,030 --> 01:01:17,599
and started walking again what was that

1738
01:01:21,190 --> 01:01:19,040
like

1739
01:01:22,950 --> 01:01:21,200
yes so you have a recovery crew that

1740
01:01:24,230 --> 01:01:22,960
gets you out of the seat takes you out

1741
01:01:26,309 --> 01:01:24,240
the hatch and gets you to the edge of

1742
01:01:28,630 --> 01:01:26,319
the vehicle once we were up on the boat

1743
01:01:30,789 --> 01:01:28,640
right and uh and so we're still on the

1744
01:01:32,870 --> 01:01:30,799
ocean you know on the recovery ship and

1745
01:01:35,030 --> 01:01:32,880
things are swaying and now like i said

1746
01:01:37,910 --> 01:01:35,040
i've been working out eating well in

1747
01:01:38,789 --> 01:01:37,920
space and i felt strong i felt really

1748
01:01:41,270 --> 01:01:38,799
strong

1749
01:01:43,670 --> 01:01:41,280
and we get up and i've got two people

1750
01:01:46,069 --> 01:01:43,680
helping me and they i get up and i feel

1751
01:01:48,710 --> 01:01:46,079
strong standing up i can easily lift my

1752
01:01:51,430 --> 01:01:48,720
weight but then that motion it

1753
01:01:53,829 --> 01:01:51,440
rocks one way and my head almost hit the

1754
01:01:55,670 --> 01:01:53,839
person on my left i mean my head felt so

1755
01:01:58,390 --> 01:01:55,680
heavy and then it goes back the other

1756
01:01:59,829 --> 01:01:58,400
way and my head feels so heavy and i was

1757
01:02:01,910 --> 01:01:59,839
really grateful that i had people

1758
01:02:03,670 --> 01:02:01,920
helping me because had that rocking

1759
01:02:06,069 --> 01:02:03,680
motion happen and i was standing up by

1760
01:02:09,109 --> 01:02:06,079
myself i would have tumbled over to the

1761
01:02:11,430 --> 01:02:09,119
ground i felt really strong but i had no

1762
01:02:13,109 --> 01:02:11,440
sense of balance i was a 45 year old

1763
01:02:15,670 --> 01:02:13,119
toddler it was really interesting

1764
01:02:18,150 --> 01:02:15,680
because i know how to walk it's in there

1765
01:02:20,950 --> 01:02:18,160
the memories there but it was really

1766
01:02:23,109 --> 01:02:20,960
difficult to to ambulate i could stand

1767
01:02:25,029 --> 01:02:23,119
up but i could not resist the rocking

1768
01:02:26,789 --> 01:02:25,039
motion of the ship

1769
01:02:28,950 --> 01:02:26,799
how long did it take for you to recover

1770
01:02:31,109 --> 01:02:28,960
that

1771
01:02:32,789 --> 01:02:31,119
interesting question so i yeah i wrote

1772
01:02:34,470 --> 01:02:32,799
it down in my journal because it was

1773
01:02:36,950 --> 01:02:34,480
interesting every hour

1774
01:02:38,870 --> 01:02:36,960
i got a little more capability back it

1775
01:02:41,109 --> 01:02:38,880
became a little more comfortable and it

1776
01:02:43,190 --> 01:02:41,119
was about the four-hour point we had

1777
01:02:45,910 --> 01:02:43,200
flown a helicopter off the ship to

1778
01:02:48,309 --> 01:02:45,920
pensacola and at navy pensacola we had

1779
01:02:50,710 --> 01:02:48,319
to go through a series of tests to sit

1780
01:02:52,470 --> 01:02:50,720
down stand up lie down and stand up to

1781
01:02:54,069 --> 01:02:52,480
check orthostatic intolerance to make

1782
01:02:55,990 --> 01:02:54,079
sure our heart was pumping sufficient

1783
01:02:58,710 --> 01:02:56,000
blood to our brain to keep us conscious

1784
01:03:01,029 --> 01:02:58,720
and so doing that test was is when i

1785
01:03:02,870 --> 01:03:01,039
realized okay this is the point where i

1786
01:03:04,710 --> 01:03:02,880
would be comfortable uh you know

1787
01:03:07,510 --> 01:03:04,720
building a habitat on mars or on the

1788
01:03:09,349 --> 01:03:07,520
moon and so if you fly to mars it's

1789
01:03:11,510 --> 01:03:09,359
going to take you six to nine months i

1790
01:03:12,870 --> 01:03:11,520
was on the iss for six to nine months

1791
01:03:17,029 --> 01:03:12,880
you're gonna get to mars and you're

1792
01:03:18,710 --> 01:03:17,039
gonna be in you know about um a third of

1793
01:03:20,309 --> 01:03:18,720
gravity of earth so that's going to be

1794
01:03:23,109 --> 01:03:20,319
different but you're going to be back in

1795
01:03:25,589 --> 01:03:23,119
some sense of weight uh and it's going

1796
01:03:27,430 --> 01:03:25,599
to take me about four hours to get to

1797
01:03:30,150 --> 01:03:27,440
the point where i can comfortably move

1798
01:03:32,069 --> 01:03:30,160
around and get myself out of the vehicle

1799
01:03:33,829 --> 01:03:32,079
that's a data point that i very much

1800
01:03:35,589 --> 01:03:33,839
wanted to know and to keep so i wrote it

1801
01:03:37,990 --> 01:03:35,599
in my journal and those are the kinds of

1802
01:03:40,789 --> 01:03:38,000
things i think we need to extract from

1803
01:03:42,390 --> 01:03:40,799
iss missions as they relate to going on

1804
01:03:44,069 --> 01:03:42,400
you know our artemis program is going to

1805
01:03:45,910 --> 01:03:44,079
get us to the moon to stay and then

1806
01:03:48,069 --> 01:03:45,920
eventually on to mars and we need to

1807
01:03:50,870 --> 01:03:48,079
start capturing all of those lessons

1808
01:03:53,029 --> 01:03:50,880
about how our bodies are affected

1809
01:03:54,789 --> 01:03:53,039
were your fellow astronauts was at the

1810
01:03:57,270 --> 01:03:54,799
same time period for them

1811
01:03:59,430 --> 01:03:57,280
those four hours uh just observing you

1812
01:04:01,589 --> 01:03:59,440
know i just see them doing their

1813
01:04:03,349 --> 01:04:01,599
yeah i think it was about the same maybe

1814
01:04:05,510 --> 01:04:03,359
some a little sooner maybe some a little

1815
01:04:07,430 --> 01:04:05,520
slower but i think about that time we

1816
01:04:09,430 --> 01:04:07,440
were all feeling good and then a few

1817
01:04:11,589 --> 01:04:09,440
hours after that we flew from pensacola

1818
01:04:13,270 --> 01:04:11,599
back to houston and our families were

1819
01:04:15,190 --> 01:04:13,280
there to meet us at the airfield and

1820
01:04:18,150 --> 01:04:15,200
each one of us was able to walk down the

1821
01:04:20,630 --> 01:04:18,160
stairs of the plane and walk to our vans

1822
01:04:22,630 --> 01:04:20,640
uh to then go back to the crew quarters

1823
01:04:25,029 --> 01:04:22,640
the quarantine facility and so i think

1824
01:04:26,390 --> 01:04:25,039
all of us were about on that same uh

1825
01:04:28,710 --> 01:04:26,400
recovery pace

1826
01:04:30,710 --> 01:04:28,720
so how long before you felt you feel you

1827
01:04:32,950 --> 01:04:30,720
could fly an airplane or

1828
01:04:34,789 --> 01:04:32,960
you know uh drive a car

1829
01:04:37,109 --> 01:04:34,799
ride a motorcycle on a race track how

1830
01:04:39,349 --> 01:04:37,119
long for that

1831
01:04:41,270 --> 01:04:39,359
so the doctors evaluate us for about two

1832
01:04:42,950 --> 01:04:41,280
weeks and they generally won't let you

1833
01:04:45,430 --> 01:04:42,960
even if you tell them doc i feel great

1834
01:04:47,109 --> 01:04:45,440
they they make you wait two weeks and so

1835
01:04:49,349 --> 01:04:47,119
at about two weeks i felt like i could

1836
01:04:50,950 --> 01:04:49,359
have driven a car i probably would have

1837
01:04:53,190 --> 01:04:50,960
waited a little bit i did i waited a

1838
01:04:55,349 --> 01:04:53,200
little longer before flying actually i

1839
01:04:57,670 --> 01:04:55,359
waited even before driving they let me

1840
01:04:59,829 --> 01:04:57,680
have a driver for three weeks and so i

1841
01:05:01,990 --> 01:04:59,839
took advantage and just kept the driver

1842
01:05:04,549 --> 01:05:02,000
for three weeks and i started driving at

1843
01:05:06,230 --> 01:05:04,559
three weeks i felt great and so it was

1844
01:05:09,750 --> 01:05:06,240
about a month after that i started

1845
01:05:12,150 --> 01:05:09,760
flying again and i'm glad i i got back

1846
01:05:14,230 --> 01:05:12,160
into flying early but i didn't go too

1847
01:05:15,990 --> 01:05:14,240
early i didn't want to have to worry

1848
01:05:18,069 --> 01:05:16,000
flying is already hard enough and takes

1849
01:05:20,150 --> 01:05:18,079
enough focus and attention uh that i

1850
01:05:22,390 --> 01:05:20,160
didn't want to add onto that now

1851
01:05:24,150 --> 01:05:22,400
worrying if my ability

1852
01:05:26,069 --> 01:05:24,160
uh just because i'd returned to earth

1853
01:05:28,390 --> 01:05:26,079
was was going to be there so i wanted to

1854
01:05:29,829 --> 01:05:28,400
wait until i i knew that i i was i was

1855
01:05:32,390 --> 01:05:29,839
ready

1856
01:05:33,990 --> 01:05:32,400
that's also another interesting thing to

1857
01:05:35,990 --> 01:05:34,000
keep in mind in terms of when you land

1858
01:05:39,029 --> 01:05:36,000
on mars or the moon if you're operating

1859
01:05:41,270 --> 01:05:39,039
machinery how long that period from will

1860
01:05:43,670 --> 01:05:41,280
it take to get there that zero g

1861
01:05:45,910 --> 01:05:43,680
to then before you're able to start

1862
01:05:48,230 --> 01:05:45,920
handling different kinds of machinery or

1863
01:05:50,470 --> 01:05:48,240
you know how how ambulatory can you be

1864
01:05:52,710 --> 01:05:50,480
what kind of stress can the body and not

1865
01:05:55,190 --> 01:05:52,720
just physically but mentally can you can

1866
01:05:58,150 --> 01:05:55,200
you handle once you get there

1867
01:06:00,470 --> 01:05:58,160
right and then and i had a special team

1868
01:06:02,630 --> 01:06:00,480
my those acers that i keep bringing up

1869
01:06:05,109 --> 01:06:02,640
such an amazing group of folks that i

1870
01:06:07,349 --> 01:06:05,119
had dedicated two hours every day

1871
01:06:09,270 --> 01:06:07,359
working on strength balance we were

1872
01:06:11,510 --> 01:06:09,280
doing toe touches and bending down to

1873
01:06:13,829 --> 01:06:11,520
the ground standing on one leg you know

1874
01:06:16,230 --> 01:06:13,839
standing on the the bosu balls to work

1875
01:06:18,870 --> 01:06:16,240
balance i had a professional working

1876
01:06:20,150 --> 01:06:18,880
with me every day for two hours seven

1877
01:06:22,470 --> 01:06:20,160
days a week

1878
01:06:25,190 --> 01:06:22,480
to help get me back and we did that for

1879
01:06:27,029 --> 01:06:25,200
45 days so again you're right that is

1880
01:06:30,230 --> 01:06:27,039
absolutely the kinds of things that we

1881
01:06:31,670 --> 01:06:30,240
need to know so that crew members can do

1882
01:06:33,430 --> 01:06:31,680
those things for themselves because

1883
01:06:35,270 --> 01:06:33,440
you're not going to have you know this

1884
01:06:37,109 --> 01:06:35,280
amazing training team with you there on

1885
01:06:39,029 --> 01:06:37,119
mars you're going to have to know what

1886
01:06:40,789 --> 01:06:39,039
what works and what doesn't work and

1887
01:06:42,549 --> 01:06:40,799
you're also going to have to know

1888
01:06:44,069 --> 01:06:42,559
i'm not going to drive a forklift right

1889
01:06:45,510 --> 01:06:44,079
now because i would be a danger to

1890
01:06:47,510 --> 01:06:45,520
myself and my crewmates and that

1891
01:06:49,670 --> 01:06:47,520
forklift so it's going to take me

1892
01:06:51,349 --> 01:06:49,680
probably 45 days before i'm going to do

1893
01:06:54,710 --> 01:06:51,359
the really high value

1894
01:06:56,069 --> 01:06:54,720
high risk operations

1895
01:06:58,069 --> 01:06:56,079
well that's really interesting now

1896
01:07:00,230 --> 01:06:58,079
victor i could talk to you

1897
01:07:02,630 --> 01:07:00,240
i could stay here all day and we have a

1898
01:07:05,430 --> 01:07:02,640
worldwide audience extreme mentors

1899
01:07:07,190 --> 01:07:05,440
listening listening to you you know and

1900
01:07:09,029 --> 01:07:07,200
they want to use a medical training as a

1901
01:07:11,270 --> 01:07:09,039
powerful force for good pushing the

1902
01:07:13,109 --> 01:07:11,280
boundaries of extreme medicine now is

1903
01:07:16,630 --> 01:07:13,119
there anything that you would like to

1904
01:07:18,870 --> 01:07:16,640
say to them now give them a a message

1905
01:07:20,549 --> 01:07:18,880
before we close absolutely

1906
01:07:21,990 --> 01:07:20,559
yes thank you and thank you for this

1907
01:07:24,150 --> 01:07:22,000
opportunity

1908
01:07:25,190 --> 01:07:24,160
that's what i want to say is thank you

1909
01:07:30,470 --> 01:07:25,200
thank you

1910
01:07:33,029 --> 01:07:30,480
is still you know experiencing this

1911
01:07:35,990 --> 01:07:33,039
pandemic i think all of us have health

1912
01:07:38,549 --> 01:07:36,000
care workers uh and professionals and

1913
01:07:40,789 --> 01:07:38,559
and janitorial workers and professionals

1914
01:07:43,190 --> 01:07:40,799
on our minds all the time

1915
01:07:45,829 --> 01:07:43,200
and and then you add something to that

1916
01:07:47,589 --> 01:07:45,839
you know in church it really impacted me

1917
01:07:50,710 --> 01:07:47,599
when i was young and i heard someone say

1918
01:07:53,190 --> 01:07:50,720
to me you have to meet people where they

1919
01:07:54,470 --> 01:07:53,200
are you have to take your gifts to

1920
01:07:56,870 --> 01:07:54,480
people you have to meet people where

1921
01:07:59,829 --> 01:07:56,880
they are and i think of the the the

1922
01:08:01,510 --> 01:07:59,839
extreme medical community as not only

1923
01:08:03,990 --> 01:08:01,520
this this great group of folks that

1924
01:08:06,309 --> 01:08:04,000
provide health care but you do it in

1925
01:08:09,270 --> 01:08:06,319
isolated confined extreme and hostile

1926
01:08:11,990 --> 01:08:09,280
sometimes environments you take this

1927
01:08:14,390 --> 01:08:12,000
life-saving care and meet people where

1928
01:08:18,709 --> 01:08:14,400
they are and and so i just want to

1929
01:08:21,669 --> 01:08:18,719
express my gratitude and my my awes that

1930
01:08:23,910 --> 01:08:21,679
that you are able to do things that most

1931
01:08:25,990 --> 01:08:23,920
people can't even do so that you can

1932
01:08:28,870 --> 01:08:26,000
provide health care to people in these

1933
01:08:31,269 --> 01:08:28,880
extreme uh circumstances thank you i

1934
01:08:33,110 --> 01:08:31,279
think what you do is commendable and i

1935
01:08:35,910 --> 01:08:33,120
look up to you and and and i really want

1936
01:08:39,269 --> 01:08:35,920
to be like you i hope to engage in more

1937
01:08:41,510 --> 01:08:39,279
uh training for uh extreme environments

1938
01:08:43,990 --> 01:08:41,520
uh and you know they say imitation is

1939
01:08:46,149 --> 01:08:44,000
the greatest form of flattery and and i

1940
01:08:49,030 --> 01:08:46,159
desire to be very much like you all

1941
01:08:50,789 --> 01:08:49,040
thank you for your service

1942
01:08:53,110 --> 01:08:50,799
that was excellent i i agree with you

1943
01:08:54,870 --> 01:08:53,120
victor you are impressive and what

1944
01:08:56,550 --> 01:08:54,880
you've accomplished thus far is

1945
01:08:59,910 --> 01:08:56,560
absolutely impressive absolutely

1946
01:09:01,669 --> 01:08:59,920
engaging incredibly informative and i'm

1947
01:09:02,870 --> 01:09:01,679
grateful to be here and i'm grateful

1948
01:09:04,630 --> 01:09:02,880
also to

1949
01:09:06,630 --> 01:09:04,640
all all these people out there that are

1950
01:09:07,749 --> 01:09:06,640
helping people and just want to thank

1951
01:09:13,590 --> 01:09:07,759
you

1952
01:09:15,910 --> 01:09:13,600
yes sir yes please and it's because it's

1953
01:09:18,390 --> 01:09:15,920
so amazing to talk to you oh i'm ready

1954
01:09:21,110 --> 01:09:18,400
to go and thank you for that

1955
01:09:22,870 --> 01:09:21,120
i showed up i showed up here today and

1956
01:09:24,709 --> 01:09:22,880
you know i saw this on the calendar and

1957
01:09:26,870 --> 01:09:24,719
i read the papers and stuff but i still

1958
01:09:28,789 --> 01:09:26,880
asked my my public affairs team this

1959
01:09:30,870 --> 01:09:28,799
awesome group of pros and i said hey

1960
01:09:33,430 --> 01:09:30,880
guys i just want to get this straight so

1961
01:09:36,229 --> 01:09:33,440
tom cruise is going to ask me questions

1962
01:09:39,189 --> 01:09:36,239
today i just i just figured there was a

1963
01:09:42,070 --> 01:09:39,199
typo somewhere so this has truly been a

1964
01:09:44,229 --> 01:09:42,080
treat tom thank you so much for the time

1965
01:09:45,990 --> 01:09:44,239
and i hope you enjoy flying that

1966
01:09:47,990 --> 01:09:46,000
spitfire that is that's going to be

1967
01:09:50,550 --> 01:09:48,000
amazing thank you man you'll we'll

1968
01:09:52,789 --> 01:09:50,560
you'll we'll get you to p51 i enjoyed

1969
01:09:54,630 --> 01:09:52,799
this amazingly incredibly informative i

1970
01:09:57,590 --> 01:09:54,640
just very grateful to have this